See caled in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "callus",
"word": "caleden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hardship",
"word": "caledi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to harden",
"word": "caledu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hardware",
"word": "caledwedd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hardgrass",
"word": "caledwellt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hard-shield ferns",
"word": "gwrychredyn caled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"hard",
"mutation"
],
"word": "treiglad caled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh caled",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Breton calet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "call",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "wise, sensible"
},
"expansion": "doublet of call (“wise, sensible”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh caled, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”). Possible doublet of call (“wise, sensible”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caled",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caledion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caleted",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "caletach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "caletaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "caledion",
"stem": "calet"
},
"expansion": "caled (feminine singular caled, plural caledion, equative caleted, comparative caletach, superlative caletaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "meddal"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 27 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 24 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The biscuits are very hard",
"text": "Mae'r bisgedi'n galed iawn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (resistant to pressure)"
],
"id": "en-caled-cy-adj-0JijHJZB",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "anidd"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 27 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 24 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The work is very hard",
"text": "Mae'r gwaith yn galed iawn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult"
],
"id": "en-caled-cy-adj-tGyzzOgt",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hawdd"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalɛd/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalad/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka(ː)lɛd/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛd"
}
],
"word": "caled"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh caled",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Breton calet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "call",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "wise, sensible"
},
"expansion": "doublet of call (“wise, sensible”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh caled, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”). Possible doublet of call (“wise, sensible”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caledion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "celyd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "galed",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "caledion",
"pl2": "celyd"
},
"expansion": "caled m (plural caledion or celyd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 27 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 24 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"battle, hard struggle, distress; hard object"
],
"id": "en-caled-cy-noun-gYjwadHy",
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 27 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 24 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"miser, niggard"
],
"id": "en-caled-cy-noun-WnAbj~TW",
"links": [
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"niggard",
"niggard"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalɛd/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalad/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka(ː)lɛd/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛd"
}
],
"word": "caled"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/alɛd",
"Rhymes:Welsh/alɛd/2 syllables",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh doublets",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "callus",
"word": "caleden"
},
{
"english": "hardship",
"word": "caledi"
},
{
"english": "to harden",
"word": "caledu"
},
{
"english": "hardware",
"word": "caledwedd"
},
{
"english": "hardgrass",
"word": "caledwellt"
},
{
"english": "hard-shield ferns",
"word": "gwrychredyn caled"
},
{
"tags": [
"hard",
"mutation"
],
"word": "treiglad caled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh caled",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Breton calet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "call",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "wise, sensible"
},
"expansion": "doublet of call (“wise, sensible”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh caled, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”). Possible doublet of call (“wise, sensible”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caled",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caledion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caleted",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "caletach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "caletaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "caledion",
"stem": "calet"
},
"expansion": "caled (feminine singular caled, plural caledion, equative caleted, comparative caletach, superlative caletaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "meddal"
}
],
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The biscuits are very hard",
"text": "Mae'r bisgedi'n galed iawn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (resistant to pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "anidd"
}
],
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The work is very hard",
"text": "Mae'r gwaith yn galed iawn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hawdd"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalɛd/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalad/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka(ː)lɛd/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛd"
}
],
"word": "caled"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/alɛd",
"Rhymes:Welsh/alɛd/2 syllables",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh doublets",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh caled",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Breton calet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "call",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "wise, sensible"
},
"expansion": "doublet of call (“wise, sensible”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh caled, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”). Possible doublet of call (“wise, sensible”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caledion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "celyd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "galed",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "caledion",
"pl2": "celyd"
},
"expansion": "caled m (plural caledion or celyd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"battle, hard struggle, distress; hard object"
],
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"miser, niggard"
],
"links": [
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"niggard",
"niggard"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalɛd/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalad/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka(ː)lɛd/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛd"
}
],
"word": "caled"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caled meaning in Welsh (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caled/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"caled"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caled",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caled/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"caled"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caled",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caled/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"caled"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caled",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.