See berw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*berw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *berw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *berwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰerw-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *berw, from Proto-Celtic *berwos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s, from *bʰerw- (“to boil, brew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berw",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berw",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "berw (feminine singular berw, plural berw, not comparable)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 21 8 18 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 4 21 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 3 14 24 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boiled, boiling"
],
"id": "en-berw-cy-adj-OKDEq-Tg",
"links": [
[
"boiled",
"boiled"
],
[
"boiling",
"boiling"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "berw"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "at the boil, on the boil",
"word": "ar ferw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "at the boil, on the boil",
"word": "ar y berw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "uproar, hive of activity",
"word": "berw gwyllt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to boil",
"word": "berwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "boiling water",
"word": "dŵr berw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "centre of something boiling",
"word": "llygad y berw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "off the boil",
"word": "oddi ar y berw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "boiled pudding",
"word": "pwdin berw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "flummery",
"word": "sucan berw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*berw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *berw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *berwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰerw-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *berw, from Proto-Celtic *berwos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s, from *bʰerw- (“to boil, brew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berwon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "berwon"
},
"expansion": "berw m (plural berwon)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 21 8 18 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 4 21 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 3 14 24 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a boiling"
],
"id": "en-berw-cy-noun-P0dIZd5V",
"links": [
[
"boiling",
"boiling"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"boiled liquid, boiled or stewed food"
],
"id": "en-berw-cy-noun-Wi3s3c3R",
"links": [
[
"boiled",
"boiled"
],
[
"stewed",
"stewed"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 21 8 18 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 4 21 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 3 14 24 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"waterfall"
],
"id": "en-berw-cy-noun-PLViyJcV",
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 21 8 18 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 4 21 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 3 14 24 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agitation, commotion, bustle"
],
"id": "en-berw-cy-noun-kQzFJN6-",
"links": [
[
"agitation",
"agitation"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
],
[
"bustle",
"bustle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "berw"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "berwen",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "berw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ferw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "merw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f-p",
"2": "berwen"
},
"expansion": "berw f (collective, singulative berwen)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cress",
"word": "berwr"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 21 8 18 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 4 21 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 3 14 24 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of berwr (“cress”)"
],
"id": "en-berw-cy-noun-rYr7ieJ9",
"links": [
[
"berwr",
"berwr#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"collective",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "berw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh collective nouns",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh uncomparable adjectives"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*berw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *berw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *berwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰerw-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *berw, from Proto-Celtic *berwos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s, from *bʰerw- (“to boil, brew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berw",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berw",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "berw (feminine singular berw, plural berw, not comparable)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boiled, boiling"
],
"links": [
[
"boiled",
"boiled"
],
[
"boiling",
"boiling"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "berw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh collective nouns",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh uncomparable adjectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "at the boil, on the boil",
"word": "ar ferw"
},
{
"english": "at the boil, on the boil",
"word": "ar y berw"
},
{
"english": "uproar, hive of activity",
"word": "berw gwyllt"
},
{
"english": "to boil",
"word": "berwi"
},
{
"english": "boiling water",
"word": "dŵr berw"
},
{
"english": "centre of something boiling",
"word": "llygad y berw"
},
{
"english": "off the boil",
"word": "oddi ar y berw"
},
{
"english": "boiled pudding",
"word": "pwdin berw"
},
{
"english": "flummery",
"word": "sucan berw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*berw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *berw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *berwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰerw-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *berw, from Proto-Celtic *berwos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-o-s, from *bʰerw- (“to boil, brew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berwon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "berwon"
},
"expansion": "berw m (plural berwon)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a boiling"
],
"links": [
[
"boiling",
"boiling"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"boiled liquid, boiled or stewed food"
],
"links": [
[
"boiled",
"boiled"
],
[
"stewed",
"stewed"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"waterfall"
],
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"agitation, commotion, bustle"
],
"links": [
[
"agitation",
"agitation"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
],
[
"bustle",
"bustle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "berw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh collective nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "berwen",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "berw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ferw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "merw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f-p",
"2": "berwen"
},
"expansion": "berw f (collective, singulative berwen)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cress",
"word": "berwr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of berwr (“cress”)"
],
"links": [
[
"berwr",
"berwr#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"collective",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "berw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for berw meaning in Welsh (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: berw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"berw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "berw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: berw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"berw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "berw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: berw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"berw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "berw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.