"aros" meaning in Welsh

See aros in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈarɔs/ [North-Wales], /ˈaːrɔs/ [South-Wales], /ˈarɔs/ [South-Wales]
Etymology: From Middle Welsh arhos, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare + *woseti (“spend the night; remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”). The -s- originally belonged only to the verbal noun (which is from *ɸarewostom) since *-s- between vowels disappears in Brythonic, hence Middle Welsh forms like arhoaf (“I wait”) have no -s-; in Modern Welsh the -s- has been extended to the finite forms by analogy. Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|wlm|arhos}} Middle Welsh arhos, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*ɸare}} Proto-Celtic *ɸare, {{inh|cy|ine-pro|*h₂wes-||spend the night}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”) Head templates: {{cy-verb|arhos}} aros (first-person singular present arhosaf) Inflection templates: {{cy-conj-cons|arhos|3=erys|hless=aros|imp=aros|nolong=3s|verbadj=adwy}}, {{cy-conj-colloquial|arhos|cond-1pl=arhosen|cond-1s=arhoswn|cond-2pl=arhosech|cond-2s=arhoset|cond-3pl=arhosen|cond-3s=arhosai}}, {{cy-mut}} Forms: arhosaf [first-person, present, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], arhosaf [first-person, future, indicative, present, singular], arhosi [future, indicative, present, second-person, singular], erys [future, indicative, present, singular, third-person], arhoswn [first-person, future, indicative, plural, present], arhoswch [future, indicative, plural, present, second-person], arhosant [future, indicative, plural, present, third-person], arhosir [future, impersonal, indicative, present], arhoswn [conditional, first-person, singular], arhoswn [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular, subjunctive], arhosit [conditional, second-person, singular], arhosit [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular, subjunctive], arhosai [conditional, singular, third-person], arhosai [imperfect, indicative, singular, subjunctive, third-person], arhosem [conditional, first-person, plural], arhosem [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural, subjunctive], arhosech [conditional, plural, second-person], arhosech [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person, subjunctive], arhosent [conditional, plural, third-person], arhosent [imperfect, indicative, plural, subjunctive, third-person], arhosid [conditional, impersonal], arhosid [imperfect, impersonal, indicative, subjunctive], arhosais [first-person, preterite, singular], arhosaist [preterite, second-person, singular], arhosodd [preterite, singular, third-person], arosasom [first-person, plural, preterite], arosasoch [plural, preterite, second-person], arosasant [plural, preterite, third-person], arhoswyd [impersonal, preterite], arosaswn [first-person, pluperfect, singular], arosasit [pluperfect, second-person, singular], arosasai [pluperfect, singular, third-person], arosasem [first-person, pluperfect, plural], arosasech [pluperfect, plural, second-person], arosasent [pluperfect, plural, third-person], arosasid [impersonal, pluperfect], arosesid [impersonal, pluperfect], arhoswyf [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], arhosych [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], arhoso [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], arhosom [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], arhosoch [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], arhosont [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], arhoser [impersonal, present, subjunctive], - [first-person, imperative, singular], aros [imperative, second-person, singular], arhosa [imperative, second-person, singular], arhosed [imperative, singular, third-person], arhoswn [first-person, imperative, plural], arhoswch [imperative, plural, second-person], arhosent [imperative, plural, third-person], arhoser [imperative, impersonal], aros [noun-from-verb], arosadwy [participle], no-table-tags [table-tags], arhosa i [first-person, future, singular], arhosaf i [first-person, future, singular], arhosi di [future, second-person, singular], arhosith o [future, singular, third-person], e [future, singular, third-person], hi [future, singular, third-person], arhosiff e [future, singular, third-person], arhoswn ni [first-person, future, plural], arhoswch chi [future, plural, second-person], arhosan nhw [future, plural, third-person], arhoswn i [conditional, first-person, singular], arhoset ti [conditional, second-person, singular], arhosai fo [conditional, singular, third-person], fe [conditional, singular, third-person], hi [conditional, singular, third-person], arhosen ni [conditional, first-person, plural], arhosech chi [conditional, plural, second-person], arhosen nhw [conditional, plural, third-person], arhosais i [first-person, preterite, singular], arhoses i [first-person, preterite, singular], arhosaist ti [preterite, second-person, singular], arhosest ti [preterite, second-person, singular], arhosodd o [preterite, singular, third-person], e [preterite, singular, third-person], hi [preterite, singular, third-person], arhoson ni [first-person, plural, preterite], arhosoch chi [plural, preterite, second-person], arhoson nhw [plural, preterite, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], arhosa [imperative, second-person, singular], - [imperative, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, plural], arhoswch [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], aros [error-unrecognized-form], haros [prothesis-h]
  1. (intransitive) to wait, to stay Tags: intransitive Derived forms: arhosfa (english: stopping place, dwelling place), arhosiad (english: stay, wait, stop), arhosol (english: abiding, resident, stable), arhosle (english: stopping place, dwelling place)
    Sense id: en-aros-cy-verb-F1d75NXy Categories (other): Pages with 9 entries, Pages with entries, Welsh entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "arhos"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh arhos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸare"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wes-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spend the night"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh arhos, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare + *woseti (“spend the night; remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”). The -s- originally belonged only to the verbal noun (which is from *ɸarewostom) since *-s- between vowels disappears in Brythonic, hence Middle Welsh forms like arhoaf (“I wait”) have no -s-; in Modern Welsh the -s- has been extended to the finite forms by analogy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "arhosaf",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-cons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosodd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswyd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosaswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosesid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswyf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosych",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoso",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosont",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aros",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aros",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosadwy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-colloquial",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosa i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaf i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosi di",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosith o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosiff e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosan nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoset ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosais i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoses i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaist ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosest ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosodd o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoson ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosoch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoson nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aros",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haros",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arhos"
      },
      "expansion": "aros (first-person singular present arhosaf)",
      "name": "cy-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arhos",
        "3": "erys",
        "hless": "aros",
        "imp": "aros",
        "nolong": "3s",
        "verbadj": "adwy"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-cons"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arhos",
        "cond-1pl": "arhosen",
        "cond-1s": "arhoswn",
        "cond-2pl": "arhosech",
        "cond-2s": "arhoset",
        "cond-3pl": "arhosen",
        "cond-3s": "arhosai"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-colloquial"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 9 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "stopping place, dwelling place",
          "word": "arhosfa"
        },
        {
          "english": "stay, wait, stop",
          "word": "arhosiad"
        },
        {
          "english": "abiding, resident, stable",
          "word": "arhosol"
        },
        {
          "english": "stopping place, dwelling place",
          "word": "arhosle"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I’m waiting for the bus.",
          "text": "Dw i’n aros am y bws.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wait, to stay"
      ],
      "id": "en-aros-cy-verb-F1d75NXy",
      "links": [
        [
          "wait",
          "wait"
        ],
        [
          "stay",
          "stay"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to wait, to stay"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarɔs/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈaːrɔs/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarɔs/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "aros"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "stopping place, dwelling place",
      "word": "arhosfa"
    },
    {
      "english": "stay, wait, stop",
      "word": "arhosiad"
    },
    {
      "english": "abiding, resident, stable",
      "word": "arhosol"
    },
    {
      "english": "stopping place, dwelling place",
      "word": "arhosle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "arhos"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh arhos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸare"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wes-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spend the night"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh arhos, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare + *woseti (“spend the night; remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”). The -s- originally belonged only to the verbal noun (which is from *ɸarewostom) since *-s- between vowels disappears in Brythonic, hence Middle Welsh forms like arhoaf (“I wait”) have no -s-; in Modern Welsh the -s- has been extended to the finite forms by analogy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "arhosaf",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-cons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosodd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswyd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosaswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosasid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosesid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswyf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosych",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoso",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosont",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aros",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aros",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arosadwy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-colloquial",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosa i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaf i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosi di",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosith o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosiff e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosan nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoset ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosais i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoses i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosaist ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosest ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosodd o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoson ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosoch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoson nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arhoswch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aros",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haros",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arhos"
      },
      "expansion": "aros (first-person singular present arhosaf)",
      "name": "cy-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arhos",
        "3": "erys",
        "hless": "aros",
        "imp": "aros",
        "nolong": "3s",
        "verbadj": "adwy"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-cons"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arhos",
        "cond-1pl": "arhosen",
        "cond-1s": "arhoswn",
        "cond-2pl": "arhosech",
        "cond-2s": "arhoset",
        "cond-3pl": "arhosen",
        "cond-3s": "arhosai"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-colloquial"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 9 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
        "Welsh intransitive verbs",
        "Welsh lemmas",
        "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
        "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
        "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Welsh terms with usage examples",
        "Welsh verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I’m waiting for the bus.",
          "text": "Dw i’n aros am y bws.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wait, to stay"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wait",
          "wait"
        ],
        [
          "stay",
          "stay"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to wait, to stay"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarɔs/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈaːrɔs/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarɔs/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "aros"
}

Download raw JSONL data for aros meaning in Welsh (11.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: aros/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "aros"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "aros",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: aros/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
  "path": [
    "aros"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "aros",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.