"mọi" meaning in Vietnamese

See mọi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Determiner

Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mọi.wav [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City]
Etymology: Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi). Doublet of mỗi. Etymology templates: {{m|vi|mỗi}} mỗi, {{der|vi|zh|每|pos=SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mỗi</i>|t=every, each}} Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi), {{vi-etym-sino|每|every, each|mỗi|hv=n}} Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi), {{doublet|vi|mỗi}} Doublet of mỗi Head templates: {{head|vi|determiner||head=|tr=}} mọi, {{vi-determ}} mọi
  1. every; all
    Sense id: mọi-vi-det-AxEWdtDI Categories (other): Vietnamese determiners Derived forms: mọi người, mọi vật
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mọi.wav [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City]
Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) (secondary borrowing from a Muong lect?); cognate with Muong mõl (“human being”). Further origin uncertain: *Schuessler (2007: 391,392) proposes that Vietic *mɔːlʔ is cognate to *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), as well as to such descendants of Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”) as Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”) (⇒ Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”); according to Schuessler, both "male" and "digging stick" derived from a stem represented in Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”), [script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”), and Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”) (⇒ Khmer ចូល (coul)). **If so, from *čɑɑr "to dig, to delve" (Ferlus, 1989-1990: 54-56). Compare also Vietnamese xoi (“to bore, to perforate”), xói, moi, mói (“to delve, to dig out”), which are this root's reflexes with back vowels. *However, Ferlus did not deem Vietnamese mọi and Muong mõl to be derivatives of *čaar; instead, he relates them to Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”) (Ferlus: 55); **If so, Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) would be a derivative of Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”) (Shorto, 2006: #1779); nevertheless, Shorto did not count Vietic items among reflexes of this root. *: Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*mɔːlʔ||human being}} Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”), {{cog|mtq|mõl||human being}} Muong mõl (“human being”), {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*mɔːlʔ}} *mɔːlʔ, {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*c-mɔːlʔ||digging stick}} *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), {{cog|mkh-pro|*jm(o:)l||male}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”), {{cog|okz|jmol||male (of animals)}} Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”), {{cog|km|ឈ្មោល}} Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool), {{cog|omx|jmur|jmūr ~ jmur|male (elephant)}} Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), {{cog|sza|rəmɔːl||male}} Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”), {{cog|kjg|t=digging stick|tr=crmɔɔl}} Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”), {{m|kjg|t=to plant (rice) with digging stick|tr=cmɔ:l}} [script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”), {{cog|okz|cval||to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate}} Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”), {{cog|km|ចូល}} Khmer ចូល (coul), {{cog|vi|xoi||to bore, to perforate}} Vietnamese xoi (“to bore, to perforate”), {{m|vi|xói}} xói, {{m|vi|moi}} moi, {{m|vi|mói||to delve, to dig out}} mói (“to delve, to dig out”), {{cog|mtq|mõl}} Muong mõl, {{cog|kjg|t=soul|tr=hmmaːl}} Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”), {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*mɔːlʔ||human being}} Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”), {{der|vi|mkh-pro|*smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal||shadow, soul}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”) Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱}} mọi • (𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱), {{vi-noun|𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱}} mọi • (𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱) Forms: 𤞦 [CJK], 𧖦 [CJK], 𬠱 [CJK]
  1. (derogatory) barbarian; savage; a racial slur Tags: derogatory
    Sense id: mọi-vi-noun-GAJlX~Nl Categories (other): Vietnamese nouns without classifiers Disambiguation of Vietnamese nouns without classifiers: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for mọi meaning in Vietnamese (7.5kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mỗi"
      },
      "expansion": "mỗi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "每",
        "pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">mỗi</i>",
        "t": "every, each"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "每",
        "2": "every, each",
        "3": "mỗi",
        "hv": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi)",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mỗi"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of mỗi",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi). Doublet of mỗi.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "determiner",
        "3": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "mọi",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "mọi",
      "name": "vi-determ"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "det",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "mọi người"
        },
        {
          "word": "mọi vật"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One for all! All for one!",
          "text": "Một người vì mọi người ! Mọi người vì một người !",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "every; all"
      ],
      "id": "mọi-vi-det-AxEWdtDI",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "every; all"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mọi.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mọi"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*mɔːlʔ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "human being"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mõl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "human being"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong mõl (“human being”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*mɔːlʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "*mɔːlʔ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*c-mɔːlʔ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "digging stick"
      },
      "expansion": "*c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*jm(o:)l",
        "3": "",
        "4": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okz",
        "2": "jmol",
        "3": "",
        "4": "male (of animals)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ឈ្មោល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "omx",
        "2": "jmur",
        "3": "jmūr ~ jmur",
        "4": "male (elephant)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sza",
        "2": "rəmɔːl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "t": "digging stick",
        "tr": "crmɔɔl"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "t": "to plant (rice) with digging stick",
        "tr": "cmɔ:l"
      },
      "expansion": "[script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okz",
        "2": "cval",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចូល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចូល (coul)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "xoi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bore, to perforate"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese xoi (“to bore, to perforate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "xói"
      },
      "expansion": "xói",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "moi"
      },
      "expansion": "moi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mói",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to delve, to dig out"
      },
      "expansion": "mói (“to delve, to dig out”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mõl"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong mõl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "t": "soul",
        "tr": "hmmaːl"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*mɔːlʔ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "human being"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shadow, soul"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) (secondary borrowing from a Muong lect?); cognate with Muong mõl (“human being”).\nFurther origin uncertain:\n*Schuessler (2007: 391,392) proposes that Vietic *mɔːlʔ is cognate to *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), as well as to such descendants of Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”) as Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”) (⇒ Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”); according to Schuessler, both \"male\" and \"digging stick\" derived from a stem represented in Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”), [script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”), and Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”) (⇒ Khmer ចូល (coul)).\n**If so, from *čɑɑr \"to dig, to delve\" (Ferlus, 1989-1990: 54-56). Compare also Vietnamese xoi (“to bore, to perforate”), xói, moi, mói (“to delve, to dig out”), which are this root's reflexes with back vowels.\n*However, Ferlus did not deem Vietnamese mọi and Muong mõl to be derivatives of *čaar; instead, he relates them to Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”) (Ferlus: 55);\n**If so, Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) would be a derivative of Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”) (Shorto, 2006: #1779); nevertheless, Shorto did not count Vietic items among reflexes of this root.\n*:",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𤞦",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𧖦",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𬠱",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱"
      },
      "expansion": "mọi • (𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱"
      },
      "expansion": "mọi • (𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "barbarian; savage; a racial slur"
      ],
      "id": "mọi-vi-noun-GAJlX~Nl",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) barbarian; savage; a racial slur"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mọi.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mọi"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese determiners",
    "Vietnamese doublets",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with audio links"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "mọi người"
    },
    {
      "word": "mọi vật"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mỗi"
      },
      "expansion": "mỗi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "每",
        "pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">mỗi</i>",
        "t": "every, each"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "每",
        "2": "every, each",
        "3": "mỗi",
        "hv": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi)",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mỗi"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of mỗi",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi). Doublet of mỗi.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "determiner",
        "3": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "mọi",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "mọi",
      "name": "vi-determ"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "det",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One for all! All for one!",
          "text": "Một người vì mọi người ! Mọi người vì một người !",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "every; all"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "every; all"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mọi.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mọi"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*mɔːlʔ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "human being"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mõl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "human being"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong mõl (“human being”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*mɔːlʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "*mɔːlʔ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*c-mɔːlʔ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "digging stick"
      },
      "expansion": "*c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*jm(o:)l",
        "3": "",
        "4": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okz",
        "2": "jmol",
        "3": "",
        "4": "male (of animals)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ឈ្មោល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "omx",
        "2": "jmur",
        "3": "jmūr ~ jmur",
        "4": "male (elephant)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sza",
        "2": "rəmɔːl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "t": "digging stick",
        "tr": "crmɔɔl"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "t": "to plant (rice) with digging stick",
        "tr": "cmɔ:l"
      },
      "expansion": "[script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okz",
        "2": "cval",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចូល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចូល (coul)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "xoi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bore, to perforate"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese xoi (“to bore, to perforate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "xói"
      },
      "expansion": "xói",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "moi"
      },
      "expansion": "moi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mói",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to delve, to dig out"
      },
      "expansion": "mói (“to delve, to dig out”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mõl"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong mõl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "t": "soul",
        "tr": "hmmaːl"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*mɔːlʔ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "human being"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shadow, soul"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) (secondary borrowing from a Muong lect?); cognate with Muong mõl (“human being”).\nFurther origin uncertain:\n*Schuessler (2007: 391,392) proposes that Vietic *mɔːlʔ is cognate to *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), as well as to such descendants of Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”) as Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”) (⇒ Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”); according to Schuessler, both \"male\" and \"digging stick\" derived from a stem represented in Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”), [script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”), and Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”) (⇒ Khmer ចូល (coul)).\n**If so, from *čɑɑr \"to dig, to delve\" (Ferlus, 1989-1990: 54-56). Compare also Vietnamese xoi (“to bore, to perforate”), xói, moi, mói (“to delve, to dig out”), which are this root's reflexes with back vowels.\n*However, Ferlus did not deem Vietnamese mọi and Muong mõl to be derivatives of *čaar; instead, he relates them to Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”) (Ferlus: 55);\n**If so, Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) would be a derivative of Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”) (Shorto, 2006: #1779); nevertheless, Shorto did not count Vietic items among reflexes of this root.\n*:",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𤞦",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𧖦",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𬠱",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱"
      },
      "expansion": "mọi • (𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱"
      },
      "expansion": "mọi • (𤞦, 𧖦, 𬠱)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "barbarian; savage; a racial slur"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) barbarian; savage; a racial slur"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mọi.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BB%8Di.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mọi"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2023-02-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2023-02-01 using wiktextract.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.