See lời in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lời meaning in Vietnamese (11.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "mlời"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese mlời",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "𠅜"
},
"expansion": "𠅜",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "亠"
},
"expansion": "亠",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻"
},
"expansion": "麻 (MC mae)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "例"
},
"expansion": "例 (MC ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻例"
},
"expansion": "麻例 (MC mae ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese mlời.\nAttested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠳒",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠳒"
},
"expansion": "lời • (𠳒)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠳒"
},
"expansion": "lời • (𠳒)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 40 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 26 6 16 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 13 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"word; utterances"
],
"id": "en-lời-vi-noun-CA7xGH~f",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "vi:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 13 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "song lyrics",
"text": "lời bài hát",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"words; lyrics"
],
"id": "en-lời-vi-noun-Vfqxp5Yv",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"lyrics",
"lyrics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) words; lyrics"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "vi:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 26 6 16 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 13 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "verse 1; the first verse",
"text": "lời 1",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a verse"
],
"id": "en-lời-vi-noun-kyJKr~p0",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"verse",
"verse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) a verse"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "nhời"
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "mlời"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese mlời",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "𠅜"
},
"expansion": "𠅜",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "亠"
},
"expansion": "亠",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻"
},
"expansion": "麻 (MC mae)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "例"
},
"expansion": "例 (MC ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻例"
},
"expansion": "麻例 (MC mae ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese mlời.\nAttested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 26 6 16 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 13 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lời lẽ"
},
{
"word": "lời nói"
},
{
"word": "trả lời"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a promise",
"text": "một lời hứa",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates utterances"
],
"id": "en-lời-vi-classifier-LJz4HUaM"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "nhời"
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lợi"
},
"expansion": "lợi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "利//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">lợi</i>",
"t": "gains, advantage, profit, merit",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 利 (“gains, advantage, profit, merit”, SV: lợi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "利",
"2": "gains, advantage, profit, merit",
"3": "lợi",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 利 (“gains, advantage, profit, merit”, SV: lợi)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 利 (“gains, advantage, profit, merit”, SV: lợi).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"profit, interest"
],
"id": "en-lời-vi-noun-b6WFZMdU",
"links": [
[
"profit",
"profit"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trời"
},
"expansion": "trời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tời"
},
"expansion": "tời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trời"
},
"expansion": "trời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ɓl-/"
},
"expansion": "/ɓl-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giời"
},
"expansion": "giời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ɓl-/"
},
"expansion": "/ɓl-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ʈ/-/t/"
},
"expansion": "/ʈ/-/t/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tời"
},
"expansion": "tời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giời"
},
"expansion": "giời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trời"
},
"expansion": "trời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lái"
},
"expansion": "lái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lái tim"
},
"expansion": "lái tim",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See trời. This is the form from some coastal dialects of Northern Vietnam. Contrary to the claim in the reference below, except for tời, all the variants of this word emerged independently: the chief Central-Southern form trời, and now also the chief written form, resulted from the retroflexion of the /ɓl-/ cluster, the inland Northern form giời emerged from the fricativization of /ɓl-/ cluster characteristic of these dialects, and the coastal Northern form lời is the result of the loss of the labial element. In certain minor coastal Northern and Central dialects with /ʈ/-/t/ merger, the form tời is a further development from the retroflexed form. The form lời had already almost disappeared in its native range by the early 20th century, probably first due to the spread of giời from the more prestigious inland dialects, then due to the spread of the Central-Southern form trời due to literacy.\nLike lái (as in lái tim), this form used to be associated with Christianity, due to the missionary activities in the southern coastal provinces of the Red River delta.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "sky",
"word": "trời"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 26 6 16 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 13 21 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Once everything is entirely done, the bishops embraced each other in our Lord in Heaven's grace and wished each other all the best, they then returned safely to their own dwelling.",
"ref": "1915, Synodo Tunquinensé. Công đồng hội lần thứ nhất. Miền Bắc Kỳ (Đàng Ngoài trong nước Annam), năm 1900., II edition",
"text": "Khi mọi việc đã lọn thì các đấng Vítvồ đã ôm lấy nhau trong tay Đức Chúa Lời chúc mọi sự lành cho nhau, rồi lở về nơi mình bằng yên.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1931, Phan Khôi, “Những tiếng xưa dùng mà nay không dùng nữa”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
"roman": "First of all, we must say that in the old days, all Vietnamese said trời, but then a part of the Northern region came to say lời. Logically, the Christians should have followed the majority and say \"Đức Chúa Trời\"; but they did not do that and used \"Đức Chúa Lời\" for another reason.",
"text": "Trước hết ta nên nhìn nhận rằng thuở xưa người Việt Nam đều nói trời hết; nhưng cũng có một miền ở Bắc đó nói trời ra lời. Đáng lẽ bên Đạo phải theo phần đông mà nói Đức Chúa Trời; song họ không nói thế, mà lại nói Đức Chúa Lời, là bởi có lẽ khác.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of trời (“sky”)"
],
"id": "en-lời-vi-noun-0M8RuoBz",
"links": [
[
"trời",
"trời#Vietnamese"
]
],
"qualifier": "coastal Northern Vietnam; likely obsolete; coastal Northern Vietnam; likely obsolete",
"raw_glosses": [
"(coastal Northern Vietnam, likely obsolete) Alternative form of trời (“sky”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese classifiers",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "mlời"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese mlời",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "𠅜"
},
"expansion": "𠅜",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "亠"
},
"expansion": "亠",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻"
},
"expansion": "麻 (MC mae)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "例"
},
"expansion": "例 (MC ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻例"
},
"expansion": "麻例 (MC mae ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese mlời.\nAttested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠳒",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠳒"
},
"expansion": "lời • (𠳒)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠳒"
},
"expansion": "lời • (𠳒)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"word; utterances"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples",
"vi:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "song lyrics",
"text": "lời bài hát",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"words; lyrics"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"lyrics",
"lyrics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) words; lyrics"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples",
"vi:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "verse 1; the first verse",
"text": "lời 1",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a verse"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"verse",
"verse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) a verse"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "nhời"
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese classifiers",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lời lẽ"
},
{
"word": "lời nói"
},
{
"word": "trả lời"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "mlời"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese mlời",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "𠅜"
},
"expansion": "𠅜",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "亠"
},
"expansion": "亠",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻"
},
"expansion": "麻 (MC mae)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "例"
},
"expansion": "例 (MC ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "麻例"
},
"expansion": "麻例 (MC mae ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lệ"
},
"expansion": "lệ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese mlời.\nAttested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a promise",
"text": "một lời hứa",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates utterances"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "nhời"
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lợi"
},
"expansion": "lợi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "利//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">lợi</i>",
"t": "gains, advantage, profit, merit",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 利 (“gains, advantage, profit, merit”, SV: lợi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "利",
"2": "gains, advantage, profit, merit",
"3": "lợi",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 利 (“gains, advantage, profit, merit”, SV: lợi)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 利 (“gains, advantage, profit, merit”, SV: lợi).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"profit, interest"
],
"links": [
[
"profit",
"profit"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trời"
},
"expansion": "trời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tời"
},
"expansion": "tời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trời"
},
"expansion": "trời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ɓl-/"
},
"expansion": "/ɓl-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giời"
},
"expansion": "giời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ɓl-/"
},
"expansion": "/ɓl-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ʈ/-/t/"
},
"expansion": "/ʈ/-/t/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tời"
},
"expansion": "tời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giời"
},
"expansion": "giời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trời"
},
"expansion": "trời",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lái"
},
"expansion": "lái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "lái tim"
},
"expansion": "lái tim",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See trời. This is the form from some coastal dialects of Northern Vietnam. Contrary to the claim in the reference below, except for tời, all the variants of this word emerged independently: the chief Central-Southern form trời, and now also the chief written form, resulted from the retroflexion of the /ɓl-/ cluster, the inland Northern form giời emerged from the fricativization of /ɓl-/ cluster characteristic of these dialects, and the coastal Northern form lời is the result of the loss of the labial element. In certain minor coastal Northern and Central dialects with /ʈ/-/t/ merger, the form tời is a further development from the retroflexed form. The form lời had already almost disappeared in its native range by the early 20th century, probably first due to the spread of giời from the more prestigious inland dialects, then due to the spread of the Central-Southern form trời due to literacy.\nLike lái (as in lái tim), this form used to be associated with Christianity, due to the missionary activities in the southern coastal provinces of the Red River delta.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lời",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "sky",
"word": "trời"
}
],
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Once everything is entirely done, the bishops embraced each other in our Lord in Heaven's grace and wished each other all the best, they then returned safely to their own dwelling.",
"ref": "1915, Synodo Tunquinensé. Công đồng hội lần thứ nhất. Miền Bắc Kỳ (Đàng Ngoài trong nước Annam), năm 1900., II edition",
"text": "Khi mọi việc đã lọn thì các đấng Vítvồ đã ôm lấy nhau trong tay Đức Chúa Lời chúc mọi sự lành cho nhau, rồi lở về nơi mình bằng yên.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1931, Phan Khôi, “Những tiếng xưa dùng mà nay không dùng nữa”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
"roman": "First of all, we must say that in the old days, all Vietnamese said trời, but then a part of the Northern region came to say lời. Logically, the Christians should have followed the majority and say \"Đức Chúa Trời\"; but they did not do that and used \"Đức Chúa Lời\" for another reason.",
"text": "Trước hết ta nên nhìn nhận rằng thuở xưa người Việt Nam đều nói trời hết; nhưng cũng có một miền ở Bắc đó nói trời ra lời. Đáng lẽ bên Đạo phải theo phần đông mà nói Đức Chúa Trời; song họ không nói thế, mà lại nói Đức Chúa Lời, là bởi có lẽ khác.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of trời (“sky”)"
],
"links": [
[
"trời",
"trời#Vietnamese"
]
],
"qualifier": "coastal Northern Vietnam; likely obsolete; coastal Northern Vietnam; likely obsolete",
"raw_glosses": [
"(coastal Northern Vietnam, likely obsolete) Alternative form of trời (“sky”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːj˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "lời"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.