"gần" meaning in Vietnamese

See gần in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ɣən˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [ɣəŋ˦˩] [Huế], [ɣəŋ˨˩] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City] Forms: 𧵆 [CJK]
Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận). There have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels). In any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*t-kəɲ}} Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, {{l|vi|近}} 近, {{m|vi|cận}} cận, {{IPAfont|*-r > *-n}} *-r > *-n, {{IPAfont|*-n}} *-n, {{IPAfont|*-ɲ}} *-ɲ, {{cog|mtq|-}} Muong, {{m|mtq|khênh}} khênh, {{cog|scb|-}} Chut, {{cog|aem|-}} Arem Head templates: {{head|vi|adjective|||head=|tr=𧵆}} gần • (𧵆), {{vi-adj|𧵆}} gần • (𧵆)
  1. near; nearby; close (to)
    Sense id: en-gần-vi-adj-iWGzH3No Categories (other): Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: gưn [Central, North, Vietnam], ngưn, ngân, gin [Central, North, Vietnam]

Adverb

IPA: [ɣən˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [ɣəŋ˦˩] [Huế], [ɣəŋ˨˩] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City] Forms: 𧵆 [CJK]
Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận). There have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels). In any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*t-kəɲ}} Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, {{l|vi|近}} 近, {{m|vi|cận}} cận, {{IPAfont|*-r > *-n}} *-r > *-n, {{IPAfont|*-n}} *-n, {{IPAfont|*-ɲ}} *-ɲ, {{cog|mtq|-}} Muong, {{m|mtq|khênh}} khênh, {{cog|scb|-}} Chut, {{cog|aem|-}} Arem Head templates: {{head|vi|adverb|||head=|tr=𧵆}} gần • (𧵆), {{vi-adv|𧵆}} gần • (𧵆)
  1. nearly; almost Related terms: gần gũi (từ láy), gần gụi (từ láy), gần như, gần xa, gần xịt, xa gần, hầu như
    Sense id: en-gần-vi-adv-BNS6qZb9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: gưn [Central, North, Vietnam], ngưn, ngân, gin [Central, North, Vietnam]

Download JSON data for gần meaning in Vietnamese (4.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "近"
      },
      "expansion": "近",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "cận"
      },
      "expansion": "cận",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "khênh"
      },
      "expansion": "khênh",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xa"
        },
        {
          "word": "ngái"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near; nearby; close (to)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gần-vi-adj-iWGzH3No",
      "links": [
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "nearby",
          "nearby"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "近"
      },
      "expansion": "近",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "cận"
      },
      "expansion": "cận",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "khênh"
      },
      "expansion": "khênh",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nearly; almost"
      ],
      "id": "en-gần-vi-adv-BNS6qZb9",
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "từ láy",
          "word": "gần gũi"
        },
        {
          "roman": "từ láy",
          "word": "gần gụi"
        },
        {
          "word": "gần như"
        },
        {
          "word": "gần xa"
        },
        {
          "word": "gần xịt"
        },
        {
          "word": "xa gần"
        },
        {
          "word": "hầu như"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "近"
      },
      "expansion": "近",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "cận"
      },
      "expansion": "cận",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "khênh"
      },
      "expansion": "khênh",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xa"
        },
        {
          "word": "ngái"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near; nearby; close (to)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "nearby",
          "nearby"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "近"
      },
      "expansion": "近",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "cận"
      },
      "expansion": "cận",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "khênh"
      },
      "expansion": "khênh",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "từ láy",
      "word": "gần gũi"
    },
    {
      "roman": "từ láy",
      "word": "gần gụi"
    },
    {
      "word": "gần như"
    },
    {
      "word": "gần xa"
    },
    {
      "word": "gần xịt"
    },
    {
      "word": "xa gần"
    },
    {
      "word": "hầu như"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nearly; almost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.