See cải in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "芥"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "芥//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">giới</i>",
"t": "mustard",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 芥 (“mustard”, SV: giới)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "芥",
"2": "mustard",
"3": "giới",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 芥 (“mustard”, SV: giới)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*kaːs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kaːs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cái"
},
"expansion": "Muong cái",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thavung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 芥 (“mustard”, SV: giới).\nFrom Proto-Vietic *kaːs, borrowed from a post-Old Chinese form. Cognate with Muong cái and Thavung kajh¹.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "củ",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "cải",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cls": "củ"
},
"expansion": "(classifier củ) cải",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by củ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Brassicas",
"orig": "vi:Brassicas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "vi:Vegetables",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "báo lá cải"
},
{
"word": "bắp cải"
},
{
"word": "bông cải trắng"
},
{
"word": "bông cải xanh"
},
{
"word": "cải bắp"
},
{
"word": "cải bẹ"
},
{
"word": "cải củ"
},
{
"word": "cải dầu"
},
{
"word": "cải làn"
},
{
"word": "cải rổ"
},
{
"word": "cải thảo"
},
{
"word": "cải thìa"
},
{
"word": "cải xoăn"
},
{
"word": "cải xoong"
},
{
"word": "củ cải"
},
{
"word": "rau cải"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruciferous vegetables (Brassica): coles, mustards, cabbages, radishes, etc."
],
"id": "en-cải-vi-noun-v0ltyUMx",
"links": [
[
"cruciferous",
"cruciferous"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"Brassica",
"Brassica#Translingual"
],
[
"cole",
"cole"
],
[
"mustard",
"mustard"
],
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
],
[
"radish",
"radish"
],
[
"etc.",
"etc."
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˨]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɨə˧˨˦]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"homophone": "cãi stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"word": "cải"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "cải",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biến cải"
},
{
"word": "cải biên"
},
{
"word": "cải biến"
},
{
"word": "cải cách"
},
{
"word": "cải chính"
},
{
"word": "cải lương"
},
{
"word": "cải mả"
},
{
"word": "cải quá"
},
{
"word": "cải tà qui chánh"
},
{
"word": "cải tà qui chính"
},
{
"word": "cải tà quy chánh"
},
{
"word": "cải tà quy chính"
},
{
"word": "cải táng"
},
{
"word": "cải thiện"
},
{
"word": "cải tiến"
},
{
"word": "cải tổ"
},
{
"word": "cải tử hoàn sinh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sino-Vietnamese reading of 改 (“to change; to alter”)"
],
"id": "en-cải-vi-romanization-lxrfqKhZ",
"links": [
[
"Sino-Vietnamese",
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
[
"改",
"改#Vietnamese"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"alter",
"alter"
]
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˨]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɨə˧˨˦]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"homophone": "cãi stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"word": "cải"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese non-lemma forms",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by củ",
"Vietnamese romanizations",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"vi:Brassicas",
"vi:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "báo lá cải"
},
{
"word": "bắp cải"
},
{
"word": "bông cải trắng"
},
{
"word": "bông cải xanh"
},
{
"word": "cải bắp"
},
{
"word": "cải bẹ"
},
{
"word": "cải củ"
},
{
"word": "cải dầu"
},
{
"word": "cải làn"
},
{
"word": "cải rổ"
},
{
"word": "cải thảo"
},
{
"word": "cải thìa"
},
{
"word": "cải xoăn"
},
{
"word": "cải xoong"
},
{
"word": "củ cải"
},
{
"word": "rau cải"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "芥"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "芥//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">giới</i>",
"t": "mustard",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 芥 (“mustard”, SV: giới)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "芥",
"2": "mustard",
"3": "giới",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 芥 (“mustard”, SV: giới)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*kaːs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kaːs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cái"
},
"expansion": "Muong cái",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thavung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 芥 (“mustard”, SV: giới).\nFrom Proto-Vietic *kaːs, borrowed from a post-Old Chinese form. Cognate with Muong cái and Thavung kajh¹.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "củ",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "cải",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cls": "củ"
},
"expansion": "(classifier củ) cải",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cruciferous vegetables (Brassica): coles, mustards, cabbages, radishes, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"cruciferous",
"cruciferous"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"Brassica",
"Brassica#Translingual"
],
[
"cole",
"cole"
],
[
"mustard",
"mustard"
],
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
],
[
"radish",
"radish"
],
[
"etc.",
"etc."
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˨]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɨə˧˨˦]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"homophone": "cãi stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"word": "cải"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese non-lemma forms",
"Vietnamese romanizations",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"vi:Brassicas",
"vi:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biến cải"
},
{
"word": "cải biên"
},
{
"word": "cải biến"
},
{
"word": "cải cách"
},
{
"word": "cải chính"
},
{
"word": "cải lương"
},
{
"word": "cải mả"
},
{
"word": "cải quá"
},
{
"word": "cải tà qui chánh"
},
{
"word": "cải tà qui chính"
},
{
"word": "cải tà quy chánh"
},
{
"word": "cải tà quy chính"
},
{
"word": "cải táng"
},
{
"word": "cải thiện"
},
{
"word": "cải tiến"
},
{
"word": "cải tổ"
},
{
"word": "cải tử hoàn sinh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "cải",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sino-Vietnamese readings"
],
"glosses": [
"Sino-Vietnamese reading of 改 (“to change; to alter”)"
],
"links": [
[
"Sino-Vietnamese",
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
[
"改",
"改#Vietnamese"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"alter",
"alter"
]
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˨]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɨə˧˨˦]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"homophone": "cãi stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"word": "cải"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cải meaning in Vietnamese (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.