See posta in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "پوسته",
"gloss": "mail",
"tr": "posta"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish پوسته (posta, “mail”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "it",
"3": "posta",
"gloss": "mail"
},
"expansion": "Italian posta (“mail”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish پوسته (posta, “mail”), Italian posta (“mail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "postayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "postalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "posta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "postam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postası",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postanı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "postayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "postalar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "posta (definite accusative postayı, plural postalar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "posta (definite accusative postayı, plural postalar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "e-posta"
},
{
"word": "postalamak"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mail, post"
],
"id": "en-posta-tr-noun-9hZ-wKcR",
"links": [
[
"mail",
"mail"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "postane"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/posˈtɑ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-posta.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "posta"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "e-posta"
},
{
"word": "postalamak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "پوسته",
"gloss": "mail",
"tr": "posta"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish پوسته (posta, “mail”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "it",
"3": "posta",
"gloss": "mail"
},
"expansion": "Italian posta (“mail”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish پوسته (posta, “mail”), Italian posta (“mail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "postayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "postalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "posta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "postam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postası",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postanı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "postasının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postamızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "postanızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "postayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "postalar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "posta (definite accusative postayı, plural postalar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "posta (definite accusative postayı, plural postalar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "postane"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Italian",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish"
],
"glosses": [
"mail, post"
],
"links": [
[
"mail",
"mail"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/posˈtɑ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-posta.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-posta.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "posta"
}
Download raw JSONL data for posta meaning in Turkish (9.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.