See -dir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـدر",
"tr": "-dir"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـدر (-dir)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*tur-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "durmak",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand, to stop"
},
"expansion": "Turkish durmak (“to stand, to stop”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـدر (-dir), from Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish durmak (“to stand, to stop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-dir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
4
],
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "This is my house.",
"text": "Bu benim evimdir.",
"translation": "This is my house.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is"
],
"id": "en--dir-tr-suffix-tr:copulative",
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"is",
"is"
]
],
"qualifier": "+ noun",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, defective, + noun) is"
],
"senseid": [
"tr:copulative"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
13
]
],
"english": "I am probably coming too.",
"text": "Ben de geliyorumdur herhalde.",
"translation": "I am probably coming too.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Sure, I'm lying.",
"text": "Kesin yalan söylüyorumdur.",
"translation": "Sure, I'm lying.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
11
]
],
"english": "I must have forgotten.",
"text": "Unutmuşumdur.",
"translation": "I must have forgotten.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses an assumption"
],
"id": "en--dir-tr-suffix-tr:copulative1",
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
]
],
"qualifier": "+ verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, defective, + verb) expresses an assumption"
],
"senseid": [
"tr:copulative"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "for two weeks",
"text": "iki haftadır",
"translation": "for two weeks",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (over a certain amount of time)"
],
"id": "en--dir-tr-suffix-OIigFXcr",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ-diɾ/"
}
],
"word": "-dir"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-tur",
"4": "",
"pos": "causative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-tur (causative suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-tur (causative suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-dir",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "-dir",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 22 12 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gezmek (“to walk”) + -dir → gezdirmek (“to take (one) out for a walk”)"
},
{
"text": "bilmek (“to know”) + -dir → bildirmek (“to inform”)"
},
{
"text": "ölmek (“to die”) + -dir → öldürmek (“to kill”, literally “to make someone die”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Causative suffix."
],
"id": "en--dir-tr-suffix-tr:causative",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"senseid": [
"tr:causative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ-diɾ/"
}
],
"word": "-dir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Turkish verb-forming suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـدر",
"tr": "-dir"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـدر (-dir)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*tur-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "durmak",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand, to stop"
},
"expansion": "Turkish durmak (“to stand, to stop”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـدر (-dir), from Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish durmak (“to stand, to stop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-dir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish auxiliary verbs",
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
4
],
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "This is my house.",
"text": "Bu benim evimdir.",
"translation": "This is my house.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is"
],
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"is",
"is"
]
],
"qualifier": "+ noun",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, defective, + noun) is"
],
"senseid": [
"tr:copulative"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish auxiliary verbs",
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
13
]
],
"english": "I am probably coming too.",
"text": "Ben de geliyorumdur herhalde.",
"translation": "I am probably coming too.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Sure, I'm lying.",
"text": "Kesin yalan söylüyorumdur.",
"translation": "Sure, I'm lying.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
11
]
],
"english": "I must have forgotten.",
"text": "Unutmuşumdur.",
"translation": "I must have forgotten.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses an assumption"
],
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
]
],
"qualifier": "+ verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, defective, + verb) expresses an assumption"
],
"senseid": [
"tr:copulative"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "for two weeks",
"text": "iki haftadır",
"translation": "for two weeks",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (over a certain amount of time)"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ-diɾ/"
}
],
"word": "-dir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Turkish verb-forming suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-tur",
"4": "",
"pos": "causative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-tur (causative suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-tur (causative suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tır",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tir",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tur",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tür",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-dir",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "-dir",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gezmek (“to walk”) + -dir → gezdirmek (“to take (one) out for a walk”)"
},
{
"text": "bilmek (“to know”) + -dir → bildirmek (“to inform”)"
},
{
"text": "ölmek (“to die”) + -dir → öldürmek (“to kill”, literally “to make someone die”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Causative suffix."
],
"senseid": [
"tr:causative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ-diɾ/"
}
],
"word": "-dir"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -dir meaning in Turkish (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'a / ı'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'e / i'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'o / u'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'ö / ü'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'default'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'assimilated'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'a / ı'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'e / i'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'o / u'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'ö / ü'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'default'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'assimilated'",
"path": [
"-dir"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-dir",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (f3d3fdb and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.