See เถื่อน in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ไก่เถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ดิบเถื่อน"
},
{
"roman": "bpàa-tʉ̀ʉan",
"word": "ป่าเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ลูกเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "หูป่าตาเถื่อน"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1807, สุนทรโวหาร (ภู่), พระ, “นิราศพระบาท”, in ประวัติสุนทรภู่, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์อักษรนิติ, published 1927, page 13:\nโจนจากช้างลงกลางเถื่อน\njoon jàak cháang long glaang tʉ̀ʉan\njump down from the elephant amidst the wilds",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; wilderness."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-noun-RDmVDx1v",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"wilderness",
"wilderness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; wilderness."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความเถื่อน",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan) (abstract noun ความเถื่อน)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 7 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 7 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 8 24 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 12 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1938, ตำนานเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์ยิ้มศรี, page 36:\nช้างเถื่อนนั้นใหญ่นัก\ncháang tʉ̀ʉan nán yài nák\nSo large is that wild elephant!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-adj-jnEBuGSu",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"undomestic",
"undomestic"
],
[
"undomesticated",
"undomesticated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-adj-K1SHbXWH",
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarous",
"barbarous"
],
[
"uncivilised",
"uncivilised"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1947, มหินทรศักดิ์ธำรง (เพ็ง เพ็ญกุล), เจ้าพระยา, จดหมายเหตุ เรื่อง พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวทรงประชวร, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์พระจันทร์, page 10:\nจีนต้มฝิ่นเถื่อนขาย\njiin dtôm fìn tʉ̀ʉan kǎai\nChinamen boil illegal opium for sale.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1995, เหม เวชกร, “เงินยวง”, in เปิดกรุผีไทย, volume 2, กรุงเทพฯ: ดอกหญ้า, page 145:\nตั้งสำนักค้าประเวณีเถื่อน\ndtâng sǎm-nák káa-bprà-wee-nii tʉ̀ʉan\nestablished an illegal prostitution house",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2020 February 19, ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, คำวินิจฉัยของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ที่ ๔/๒๕๖๓, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, page 9:\nปัญหาการทําแท้งเถื่อน\nbpan-hǎa gaan-tam-tɛ́ng tʉ̀ʉan\nproblems of illegal abortions",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illegal; unlawful."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-adj-UZXNGXwf",
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unlawful",
"unlawful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) illegal; unlawful."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ɯa̯n",
"Thai 1-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms inherited from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ไก่เถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ดิบเถื่อน"
},
{
"roman": "bpàa-tʉ̀ʉan",
"word": "ป่าเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ลูกเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "หูป่าตาเถื่อน"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1807, สุนทรโวหาร (ภู่), พระ, “นิราศพระบาท”, in ประวัติสุนทรภู่, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์อักษรนิติ, published 1927, page 13:\nโจนจากช้างลงกลางเถื่อน\njoon jàak cháang long glaang tʉ̀ʉan\njump down from the elephant amidst the wilds",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; wilderness."
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"wilderness",
"wilderness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; wilderness."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ɯa̯n",
"Thai 1-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms inherited from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความเถื่อน",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan) (abstract noun ความเถื่อน)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1938, ตำนานเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์ยิ้มศรี, page 36:\nช้างเถื่อนนั้นใหญ่นัก\ncháang tʉ̀ʉan nán yài nák\nSo large is that wild elephant!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"undomestic",
"undomestic"
],
[
"undomesticated",
"undomesticated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarous",
"barbarous"
],
[
"uncivilised",
"uncivilised"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1947, มหินทรศักดิ์ธำรง (เพ็ง เพ็ญกุล), เจ้าพระยา, จดหมายเหตุ เรื่อง พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวทรงประชวร, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์พระจันทร์, page 10:\nจีนต้มฝิ่นเถื่อนขาย\njiin dtôm fìn tʉ̀ʉan kǎai\nChinamen boil illegal opium for sale.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1995, เหม เวชกร, “เงินยวง”, in เปิดกรุผีไทย, volume 2, กรุงเทพฯ: ดอกหญ้า, page 145:\nตั้งสำนักค้าประเวณีเถื่อน\ndtâng sǎm-nák káa-bprà-wee-nii tʉ̀ʉan\nestablished an illegal prostitution house",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2020 February 19, ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, คำวินิจฉัยของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ที่ ๔/๒๕๖๓, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, page 9:\nปัญหาการทําแท้งเถื่อน\nbpan-hǎa gaan-tam-tɛ́ng tʉ̀ʉan\nproblems of illegal abortions",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illegal; unlawful."
],
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unlawful",
"unlawful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) illegal; unlawful."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
Download raw JSONL data for เถื่อน meaning in Thai (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.