See เถื่อน in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 35 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ไก่เถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ดิบเถื่อน"
},
{
"roman": "bpàa-tʉ̀ʉan",
"word": "ป่าเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ลูกเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "หูป่าตาเถื่อน"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "jump down from the elephant amidst the wilds",
"ref": "1807, สุนทรโวหาร (ภู่), พระ, “นิราศพระบาท”, in ประวัติสุนทรภู่, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์อักษรนิติ, published 1927, page 13:",
"roman": "joon jàak cháang long glaang tʉ̀ʉan",
"text": "โจนจากช้างลงกลางเถื่อน",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; wilderness."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-noun-RDmVDx1v",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"wilderness",
"wilderness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; wilderness."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความเถื่อน",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan) (abstract noun ความเถื่อน)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 8 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 11 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
17,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "So large is that wild elephant!",
"ref": "1938, ตำนานเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์ยิ้มศรี, page 36:",
"roman": "cháang tʉ̀ʉan nán yài nák",
"text": "ช้างเถื่อนนั้นใหญ่นัก",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-adj-jnEBuGSu",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"undomestic",
"undomestic"
],
[
"undomesticated",
"undomesticated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 35 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-adj-K1SHbXWH",
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarous",
"barbarous"
],
[
"uncivilised",
"uncivilised"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 35 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"english": "Chinamen boil illegal opium for sale.",
"ref": "1947, มหินทรศักดิ์ธำรง (เพ็ง เพ็ญกุล), เจ้าพระยา, จดหมายเหตุ เรื่อง พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวทรงประชวร, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์พระจันทร์, page 10:",
"roman": "jiin dtôm fìn tʉ̀ʉan kǎai",
"text": "จีนต้มฝิ่นเถื่อนขาย",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"english": "established an illegal prostitution house",
"ref": "1995, เหม เวชกร, “เงินยวง”, in เปิดกรุผีไทย, volume 2, กรุงเทพฯ: ดอกหญ้า, page 145:",
"roman": "dtâng sǎm-nák káa-bprà-wee-nii tʉ̀ʉan",
"text": "ตั้งสำนักค้าประเวณีเถื่อน",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"english": "problems of illegal abortions",
"ref": "2020 February 19, ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, คำวินิจฉัยของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ที่ ๔/๒๕๖๓, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, page 9:",
"roman": "bpan-hǎa gaan-tam-tɛ́ng tʉ̀ʉan",
"text": "ปัญหาการทําแท้งเถื่อน",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illegal; unlawful."
],
"id": "en-เถื่อน-th-adj-UZXNGXwf",
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unlawful",
"unlawful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) illegal; unlawful."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ɯa̯n",
"Thai 1-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms inherited from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ไก่เถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ดิบเถื่อน"
},
{
"roman": "bpàa-tʉ̀ʉan",
"word": "ป่าเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "ลูกเถื่อน"
},
{
"word": "หูป่าตาเถื่อน"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "jump down from the elephant amidst the wilds",
"ref": "1807, สุนทรโวหาร (ภู่), พระ, “นิราศพระบาท”, in ประวัติสุนทรภู่, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์อักษรนิติ, published 1927, page 13:",
"roman": "joon jàak cháang long glaang tʉ̀ʉan",
"text": "โจนจากช้างลงกลางเถื่อน",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; wilderness."
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"wilderness",
"wilderness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; wilderness."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ɯa̯n",
"Thai 1-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms inherited from Proto-Tai",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*C̬.tɯənᴮ",
"4": "",
"5": "wild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເຖື່ອນ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထိူၼ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥗᥫᥢᥱ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aio",
"2": "ထိုꩫ်"
},
"expansion": "Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "duenh"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang duenh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɯənᴮ (“wild”).\nCognate with Lao ເຖື່ອນ (thư̄an), Lü ᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈ (ṫhoen¹), Shan ထိူၼ်ႇ (thòen), Tai Nüa ᥗᥫᥢᥱ (thǒen), Aiton ထိုꩫ် (thün), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (thün), Zhuang duenh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tʉ̀ʉan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความเถื่อน",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "เถื่อน • (tʉ̀ʉan) (abstract noun ความเถื่อน)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
17,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "So large is that wild elephant!",
"ref": "1938, ตำนานเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์ยิ้มศรี, page 36:",
"roman": "cháang tʉ̀ʉan nán yài nák",
"text": "ช้างเถื่อนนั้นใหญ่นัก",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"undomestic",
"undomestic"
],
[
"undomesticated",
"undomesticated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic) wild; undomestic; undomesticated."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarous",
"barbarous"
],
[
"uncivilised",
"uncivilised"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) wild; savage; barbarous; uncivilised."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"english": "Chinamen boil illegal opium for sale.",
"ref": "1947, มหินทรศักดิ์ธำรง (เพ็ง เพ็ญกุล), เจ้าพระยา, จดหมายเหตุ เรื่อง พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวทรงประชวร, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์พระจันทร์, page 10:",
"roman": "jiin dtôm fìn tʉ̀ʉan kǎai",
"text": "จีนต้มฝิ่นเถื่อนขาย",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"english": "established an illegal prostitution house",
"ref": "1995, เหม เวชกร, “เงินยวง”, in เปิดกรุผีไทย, volume 2, กรุงเทพฯ: ดอกหญ้า, page 145:",
"roman": "dtâng sǎm-nák káa-bprà-wee-nii tʉ̀ʉan",
"text": "ตั้งสำนักค้าประเวณีเถื่อน",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"english": "problems of illegal abortions",
"ref": "2020 February 19, ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, คำวินิจฉัยของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ที่ ๔/๒๕๖๓, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ, page 9:",
"roman": "bpan-hǎa gaan-tam-tɛ́ng tʉ̀ʉan",
"text": "ปัญหาการทําแท้งเถื่อน",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illegal; unlawful."
],
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unlawful",
"unlawful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) illegal; unlawful."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɯa̯n˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "เถื่อน"
}
Download raw JSONL data for เถื่อน meaning in Thai (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.