"ஆண்பால்" meaning in Tamil

See ஆண்பால் in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /aːɳbaːl/, /aːɳ.paːl/ Audio: LL-Q5885 (tam)-Sriveenkat-ஆண்பால்.wav
Etymology: Compound of ஆண் (āṇ) + பால் (pāl). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Compound}} Compound, {{com+|ta|ஆண்|பால்}} Compound of ஆண் (āṇ) + பால் (pāl) Head templates: {{ta-noun}} ஆண்பால் • (āṇpāl) Inflection templates: {{ta-decl|type=root}} Forms: āṇpāl [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], ஆண்பால் [nominative, singular], ஆண்பால்கள் [nominative, plural], ஆண்பாலே [singular, vocative], ஆண்பால்களே [plural, vocative], ஆண்பாலை [accusative, singular], ஆண்பால்களை [accusative, plural], ஆண்பாலுக்கு [dative, singular], ஆண்பால்களுக்கு [dative, plural], ஆண்பாலுக்காக [benefactive, singular], ஆண்பால்களுக்காக [benefactive, plural], ஆண்பாலுடைய [error-unrecognized-form, singular], ஆண்பால்களுடைய [error-unrecognized-form, plural], ஆண்பாலின் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], ஆண்பால்களின் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], ஆண்பாலில் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], ஆண்பால்களில் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], ஆண்பாலிடம் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], ஆண்பால்களிடம் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], ஆண்பாலோடு [error-unrecognized-form, singular], ஆண்பால்களோடு [error-unrecognized-form, plural], ஆண்பாலுடன் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], ஆண்பால்களுடன் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], ஆண்பாலால் [instrumental, singular], ஆண்பால்களால் [instrumental, plural], ஆண்பாலிலிருந்து [ablative, singular], ஆண்பால்களிலிருந்து [ablative, plural]
  1. male sex
    Sense id: en-ஆண்பால்-ta-noun-aIjGrU9l Categories (other): Male Disambiguation of Male: 81 19
  2. (grammar) masculine (singular) Coordinate_terms (Five Genders in Tamil Grammar): பெண்பால் (peṇpāl), பலர்பால் (palarpāl), ஒன்றன்பால் (oṉṟaṉpāl), பலவின்பால் (palaviṉpāl)
    Sense id: en-ஆண்பால்-ta-noun-NAAGL1w7 Categories (other): Grammar, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tamil entries with incorrect language header, Tamil terms with redundant script codes, Gender Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 21 79 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 10 90 Disambiguation of Tamil entries with incorrect language header: 4 96 Disambiguation of Tamil terms with redundant script codes: 9 91 Disambiguation of Gender: 0 100 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences Disambiguation of 'Five Genders in Tamil Grammar': 0 100
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Compound"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "ஆண்",
        "3": "பால்"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound of ஆண் (āṇ) + பால் (pāl)",
      "name": "com+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of ஆண் (āṇ) + பால் (pāl).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "āṇpāl",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்",
      "roman": "āṇpāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்கள்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலே",
      "roman": "āṇpālē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களே",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலை",
      "roman": "āṇpālai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களை",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுக்கு",
      "roman": "āṇpālukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுக்கு",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுக்காக",
      "roman": "āṇpālukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுக்காக",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுடைய",
      "roman": "āṇpāluṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுடைய",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலின்",
      "roman": "āṇpāliṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களின்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலில்",
      "roman": "āṇpālil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களில்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலிடம்",
      "roman": "āṇpāliṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களிடம்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலோடு",
      "roman": "āṇpālōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களோடு",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுடன்",
      "roman": "āṇpāluṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுடன்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலால்",
      "roman": "āṇpālāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களால்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "āṇpāliliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ஆண்பால் • (āṇpāl)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "type": "root"
      },
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Male",
          "orig": "ta:Male",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male sex"
      ],
      "id": "en-ஆண்பால்-ta-noun-aIjGrU9l",
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ],
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "ta:Grammar",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Gender",
          "orig": "ta:Gender",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "roman": "peṇpāl",
          "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
          "word": "பெண்பால்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "roman": "palarpāl",
          "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
          "word": "பலர்பால்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "roman": "oṉṟaṉpāl",
          "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
          "word": "ஒன்றன்பால்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "roman": "palaviṉpāl",
          "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
          "word": "பலவின்பால்"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine (singular)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ஆண்பால்-ta-noun-NAAGL1w7",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "masculine",
          "masculine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) masculine (singular)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aːɳbaːl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aːɳ.paːl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q5885 (tam)-Sriveenkat-ஆண்பால்.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ஆண்பால்"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Tamil compound terms",
    "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tamil lemmas",
    "Tamil nouns",
    "Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
    "ta:Gender",
    "ta:Male"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "roman": "peṇpāl",
      "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
      "word": "பெண்பால்"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palarpāl",
      "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
      "word": "பலர்பால்"
    },
    {
      "roman": "oṉṟaṉpāl",
      "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
      "word": "ஒன்றன்பால்"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palaviṉpāl",
      "sense": "Five Genders in Tamil Grammar",
      "word": "பலவின்பால்"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Compound"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "ஆண்",
        "3": "பால்"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound of ஆண் (āṇ) + பால் (pāl)",
      "name": "com+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of ஆண் (āṇ) + பால் (pāl).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "āṇpāl",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்",
      "roman": "āṇpāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்கள்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலே",
      "roman": "āṇpālē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களே",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலை",
      "roman": "āṇpālai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களை",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுக்கு",
      "roman": "āṇpālukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுக்கு",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுக்காக",
      "roman": "āṇpālukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுக்காக",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுடைய",
      "roman": "āṇpāluṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுடைய",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலின்",
      "roman": "āṇpāliṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களின்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலில்",
      "roman": "āṇpālil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களில்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலிடம்",
      "roman": "āṇpāliṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களிடம்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலோடு",
      "roman": "āṇpālōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களோடு",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலுடன்",
      "roman": "āṇpāluṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களுடன்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலால்",
      "roman": "āṇpālāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களால்",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பாலிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "āṇpāliliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ஆண்பால்களிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "āṇpālkaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ஆண்பால் • (āṇpāl)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "type": "root"
      },
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "male sex"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ],
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ta:Grammar"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine (singular)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "masculine",
          "masculine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) masculine (singular)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aːɳbaːl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aːɳ.paːl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q5885 (tam)-Sriveenkat-ஆண்பால்.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav/LL-Q5885_%28tam%29-Sriveenkat-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ஆண்பால்"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ஆண்பால் meaning in Tamil (6.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive 1'",
  "path": [
    "ஆண்பால்"
  ],
  "section": "Tamil",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ஆண்பால்",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive 2'",
  "path": [
    "ஆண்பால்"
  ],
  "section": "Tamil",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ஆண்பால்",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'locative 1'",
  "path": [
    "ஆண்பால்"
  ],
  "section": "Tamil",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ஆண்பால்",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'locative 2'",
  "path": [
    "ஆண்பால்"
  ],
  "section": "Tamil",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ஆண்பால்",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'sociative 1'",
  "path": [
    "ஆண்பால்"
  ],
  "section": "Tamil",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ஆண்பால்",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'sociative 2'",
  "path": [
    "ஆண்பால்"
  ],
  "section": "Tamil",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ஆண்பால்",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tamil dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-20 using wiktextract (5887622 and c6a903f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.