See ruff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nds",
"3": "ruf"
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"expansion": "Low German ruf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nl",
"3": "roef"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roef",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1730"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1730",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English roof",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv:+ (båtar)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Low German ruf, Dutch roef. Originally of the roof of the deckhouse. First attested in 1730. Cognate with English roof.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruff",
"source": "declension",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarnas",
"source": "declension",
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},
"expansion": "ruff c",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruffa"
}
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "sv:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a deckhouse; a pilothouse; a cabin (room above or below deck on a boat)"
],
"id": "en-ruff-sv-noun-sv:pilothouse",
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],
[
"deckhouse",
"deckhouse"
],
[
"pilothouse",
"pilothouse"
],
[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) a deckhouse; a pilothouse; a cabin (room above or below deck on a boat)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kajuta"
},
{
"word": "sittbrunn"
},
{
"word": "skylight"
}
],
"senseid": [
"sv:pilothouse"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "ruff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rough",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1919"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1919",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rough. First attested in 1919.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "ruff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
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]
},
{
"form": "ruffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
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{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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},
"expansion": "ruff n",
"name": "head"
},
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],
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],
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{
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{
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"name": "Sports",
"orig": "sv:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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],
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"rough play as a foul"
],
"id": "en-ruff-sv-noun-YLo465qY",
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[
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[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) rough play as a foul"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"word": "ruff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "en",
"3": "rough"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from English rough",
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"args": {
"1": "1898"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1898",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv:+ (golf)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
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"source": "declension",
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]
},
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"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
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]
},
{
"form": "ruffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
"expansion": "ruff c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "ruff c",
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],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "sv:Golf",
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},
{
"_dis": "32 20 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-ruff-sv-noun--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) rough"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bunker"
},
{
"word": "green"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rough"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"word": "ruff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
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"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Swedish terms borrowed from English",
"Swedish terms borrowed from Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Dutch",
"Swedish terms derived from English",
"Swedish terms derived from Low German"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nds",
"3": "ruf"
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"expansion": "Low German ruf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nl",
"3": "roef"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roef",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1730"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1730",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English roof",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv:+ (båtar)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Low German ruf, Dutch roef. Originally of the roof of the deckhouse. First attested in 1730. Cognate with English roof.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
"expansion": "ruff c",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
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],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"word": "ruffa"
},
{
"word": "kajuta"
},
{
"word": "sittbrunn"
},
{
"word": "skylight"
}
],
"senses": [
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],
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"a deckhouse; a pilothouse; a cabin (room above or below deck on a boat)"
],
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"deckhouse",
"deckhouse"
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"pilothouse",
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[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) a deckhouse; a pilothouse; a cabin (room above or below deck on a boat)"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:pilothouse"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
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]
}
],
"word": "ruff"
}
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"categories": [
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"Swedish lemmas",
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],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rough",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1919"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1919",
"name": "etydate"
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rough. First attested in 1919.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "ruff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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]
}
],
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"expansion": "ruff n",
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],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
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],
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{
"categories": [
"sv:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"rough play as a foul"
],
"links": [
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],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"foul",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) rough play as a foul"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"word": "ruff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from English",
"Swedish terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
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"3": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rough",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1898"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1898",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv:+ (golf)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rough. First attested in 1898.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"5": "",
"g": "c",
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},
"expansion": "ruff c",
"name": "head"
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"args": {
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],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bunker"
},
{
"word": "green"
}
],
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{
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],
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],
"links": [
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"golf"
],
[
"rough",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) rough"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rough"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"word": "ruff"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruff meaning in Swedish (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Swedish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.