"espinar" meaning in Spanish

See espinar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /espiˈnaɾ/, [es.piˈnaɾ] Forms: espinares [plural]
Rhymes: -aɾ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Old Spanish espina Spanish espina Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Latin -āris Old Spanish -ar Spanish -ar Spanish espinar From espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”). Etymology templates: {{ety|es|:af|espina|-ar<id:adjectival suffix><t:place where something is grown>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Old Spanish espina Spanish espina Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Latin -āris Old Spanish -ar Spanish -ar Spanish espinar [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "sharp", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*spey-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*speinā", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "spīna", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Spanish", "term" : "espina", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "osp" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "espina", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "es" }, { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*h₂élis", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-āris", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Spanish", "term" : "-ar", "lang" : "osp" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "-ar", "gloss" : "place where something is grown", "lang" : "es" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "espinar", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "es" }" data-lang="es" data-title="espinar"> From espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”)., {{ety|es|:af|espina|-ar<id:adjectival suffix><t:place where something is grown>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Old Spanish espina Spanish espina Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Latin -āris Old Spanish -ar Spanish -ar Spanish espinar From espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”). Head templates: {{es-noun|m}} espinar m (plural espinares)
  1. hawthorn wood Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-espinar-es-noun-A6c4KyDZ
  2. place covered with thorny bushes Tags: masculine Synonyms: espinal
    Sense id: en-espinar-es-noun-xxyKgjw4 Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons, Spanish entries with etymology texts, Spanish entries with etymology trees, Spanish entries with etymon, Spanish entries with incorrect language header, Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (adjectival suffix), Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (verb suffix), Spanish verbs ending in -ar Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 5 44 18 17 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 3 64 11 11 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 70 9 9 9 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 4 53 15 14 15 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 3 58 13 12 13 Disambiguation of Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons: 3 59 13 13 13 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology texts: 4 55 14 13 14 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology trees: 4 55 14 13 14 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymon: 3 59 13 12 13 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 3 65 10 11 11 Disambiguation of Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (adjectival suffix): 7 93 Disambiguation of Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (verb suffix): 4 49 14 17 16 Disambiguation of Spanish verbs ending in -ar: 1 56 14 14 14
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /espiˈnaɾ/, [es.piˈnaɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Old Spanish espina Spanish espina Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -āre Old Spanish -ar Spanish -ar Spanish espinar From espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix). Etymology templates: {{ety|es|:af|espina|-ar<id:verb suffix><pos:verb-forming suffix>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Old Spanish espina Spanish espina Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -āre Old Spanish -ar Spanish -ar Spanish espinar [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "sharp", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*spey-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*speinā", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "spīna", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Spanish", "term" : "espina", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "osp" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "espina", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "es" }, { "id" : "verb suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "-āre", "id" : "denominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-ājō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂ti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-āō", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Spanish", "term" : "-ar", "lang" : "osp" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "-ar", "lang" : "es", "pos" : "verb-forming suffix" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "espinar", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "es" }" data-lang="es" data-title="espinar"> From espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix)., {{ety|es|:af|espina|-ar<id:verb suffix><pos:verb-forming suffix>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Old Spanish espina Spanish espina Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -āre Old Spanish -ar Spanish -ar Spanish espinar From espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix). Head templates: {{es-verb}} espinar (first-person singular present espino, first-person singular preterite espiné, past participle espinado) Inflection templates: {{es-conj|nocomb=1}} Forms: espino [first-person, present, singular], espiné [first-person, preterite, singular], espinado [participle, past], no-table-tags [table-tags], espinar [infinitive], espinando [gerund], espinado [masculine, participle, past, singular], espinada [feminine, participle, past, singular], espinados [masculine, participle, past, plural], espinadas [feminine, participle, past, plural], espino [first-person, indicative, present, singular], espinas [indicative, informal, present, second-person, singular], espinás [indicative, informal, present, second-person, singular, vos-form], espina [indicative, present, singular, third-person], espinamos [first-person, indicative, plural, present], espináis [indicative, plural, present, second-person], espinan [indicative, plural, present, third-person], espinaba [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], espinabas [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], espinaba [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], espinábamos [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], espinabais [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], espinaban [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], espiné [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], espinaste [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], espinó [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], espinamos [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], espinasteis [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], espinaron [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], espinaré [first-person, future, indicative, singular], espinarás [future, indicative, second-person, singular], espinará [future, indicative, singular, third-person], espinaremos [first-person, future, indicative, plural], espinaréis [future, indicative, plural, second-person], espinarán [future, indicative, plural, third-person], espinaría [conditional, first-person, indicative, singular], espinarías [conditional, indicative, second-person, singular], espinaría [conditional, indicative, singular, third-person], espinaríamos [conditional, first-person, indicative, plural], espinaríais [conditional, indicative, plural, second-person], espinarían [conditional, indicative, plural, third-person], espine [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], espines [informal, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], espinés [informal, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive, vos-form], espine [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], espinemos [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], espinéis [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], espinen [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], espinara [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], espinaras [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], espinara [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], espináramos [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], espinarais [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], espinaran [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], espinase [first-person, imperfect, imperfect-se, singular, subjunctive], espinases [imperfect, imperfect-se, second-person, singular, subjunctive], espinase [imperfect, imperfect-se, singular, subjunctive, third-person], espinásemos [first-person, imperfect, imperfect-se, plural, subjunctive], espinaseis [imperfect, imperfect-se, plural, second-person, subjunctive], espinasen [imperfect, imperfect-se, plural, subjunctive, third-person], espinare [first-person, future, singular, subjunctive], espinares [future, second-person, singular, subjunctive], espinare [future, singular, subjunctive, third-person], espináremos [first-person, future, plural, subjunctive], espinareis [future, plural, second-person, subjunctive], espinaren [future, plural, subjunctive, third-person], espina [imperative, informal, second-person, singular], espiná [imperative, informal, second-person, singular, vos-form], espine [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], espine [imperative, singular, third-person], espinemos [first-person, imperative, plural], espinad [imperative, plural, second-person], espinen [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], espinen [imperative, plural, third-person], espines [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], espine [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], espine [imperative, negative, singular, third-person], espinemos [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], espinéis [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], espinen [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], espinen [imperative, negative, plural, third-person]
  1. to sting, to pierce Synonyms: pinchar, punzar
    Sense id: en-espinar-es-verb-B51yq3zr
  2. to cover with thorns or thorny branches
    Sense id: en-espinar-es-verb-HzLpXR6o
  3. to offend someone with words
    Sense id: en-espinar-es-verb-lRzCoeH0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*spey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
    ],
    [
      "*speinā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/speinā"
    ],
    [
      "spīna",
      "spina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Old_Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
    ],
    [
      "*-is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
    ],
    [
      "*-ālis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
    ],
    [
      "-ālis",
      "-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-āris",
      "-aris#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Old_Spanish:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_adjectival_suffix"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:adjectival suffix><t:place where something is grown>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"gloss\" : \"place where something is grown\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:adjectival suffix><t:place where something is grown>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "espinar m (plural espinares)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "es‧pi‧nar"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "es‧pi‧nar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hawthorn wood"
      ],
      "id": "en-espinar-es-noun-A6c4KyDZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "hawthorn",
          "hawthorn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 44 18 17 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 64 11 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 70 9 9 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 53 15 14 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 58 13 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 59 13 13 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 55 14 13 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 55 14 13 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 59 13 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 65 10 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (adjectival suffix)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 49 14 17 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (verb suffix)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 56 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish verbs ending in -ar",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "place covered with thorny bushes"
      ],
      "id": "en-espinar-es-noun-xxyKgjw4",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "espinal"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*spey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
    ],
    [
      "*speinā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/speinā"
    ],
    [
      "spīna",
      "spina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Old_Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-āre",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Old_Spanish:_verbal_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_verb_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_verb_suffix"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:verb suffix><pos:verb-forming suffix>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-āre\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"lang\" : \"es\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:verb suffix><pos:verb-forming suffix>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espino",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiné",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinado",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "es-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinando",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinado",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinados",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinadas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinás",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "vos-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinábamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaban",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiné",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinó",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinasteis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaron",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaré",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarás",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinará",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaremos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaréis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarías",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarían",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espines",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinés",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "vos-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinéis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináramos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaran",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinases",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinásemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaseis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinasen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináremos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinareis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiná",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "vos-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espines",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinéis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "espinar (first-person singular present espino, first-person singular preterite espiné, past participle espinado)",
      "name": "es-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "es‧pi‧nar"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "es‧pi‧nar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nocomb": "1"
      },
      "name": "es-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sting, to pierce"
      ],
      "id": "en-espinar-es-verb-B51yq3zr",
      "links": [
        [
          "sting",
          "sting"
        ],
        [
          "pierce",
          "pierce"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pinchar"
        },
        {
          "word": "punzar"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cover with thorns or thorny branches"
      ],
      "id": "en-espinar-es-verb-HzLpXR6o"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to offend someone with words"
      ],
      "id": "en-espinar-es-verb-lRzCoeH0"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables",
    "Spanish 3-syllable words",
    "Spanish countable nouns",
    "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
    "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
    "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
    "Spanish entries with etymon",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish masculine nouns",
    "Spanish nouns",
    "Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
    "Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (adjectival suffix)",
    "Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (verb suffix)",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Spanish verbs",
    "Spanish verbs ending in -ar"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*spey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
    ],
    [
      "*speinā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/speinā"
    ],
    [
      "spīna",
      "spina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Old_Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
    ],
    [
      "*-is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
    ],
    [
      "*-ālis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
    ],
    [
      "-ālis",
      "-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-āris",
      "-aris#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Old_Spanish:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_adjectival_suffix"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:adjectival suffix><t:place where something is grown>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"gloss\" : \"place where something is grown\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:adjectival suffix><t:place where something is grown>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "espinar m (plural espinares)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "es‧pi‧nar"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "es‧pi‧nar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hawthorn wood"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hawthorn",
          "hawthorn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "place covered with thorny bushes"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "espinal"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables",
    "Spanish 3-syllable words",
    "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
    "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
    "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
    "Spanish entries with etymon",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
    "Spanish terms suffixed with -ar (verb suffix)",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Spanish verbs",
    "Spanish verbs ending in -ar"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*spey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
    ],
    [
      "*speinā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/speinā"
    ],
    [
      "spīna",
      "spina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Old_Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-āre",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Old_Spanish:_verbal_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_verb_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "espina",
      "espina#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Spanish:_verb_suffix"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:verb suffix><pos:verb-forming suffix>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-āre\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"lang\" : \"es\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "espina",
        "4": "-ar<id:verb suffix><pos:verb-forming suffix>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espino",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiné",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinado",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "es-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinando",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinado",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinados",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinadas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinás",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "vos-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinábamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaban",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiné",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinó",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinasteis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaron",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaré",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarás",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinará",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaremos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaréis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarías",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríamos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarían",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espines",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinés",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "vos-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinéis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináramos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaran",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinases",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinásemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaseis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinasen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "imperfect-se",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináremos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinareis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiná",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "vos-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espines",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinéis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "espinar (first-person singular present espino, first-person singular preterite espiné, past participle espinado)",
      "name": "es-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "es‧pi‧nar"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "es‧pi‧nar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nocomb": "1"
      },
      "name": "es-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sting, to pierce"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sting",
          "sting"
        ],
        [
          "pierce",
          "pierce"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pinchar"
        },
        {
          "word": "punzar"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cover with thorns or thorny branches"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to offend someone with words"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

Download raw JSONL data for espinar meaning in Spanish (22.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Spanish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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