See be in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "been"
},
"expansion": "Middle English been",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"name": "der"
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{
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English been, from Old English bēon. The various forms have different further etymologies:\n* The b- forms derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną.\n* All other forms derive from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną\nCognates include English be.",
"forms": [
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "tae be",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
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"source": "conjugation",
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},
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "tae be",
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{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"id": "en-be-sco-verb-CvEgfuq9",
"links": [
[
"be",
"#English"
]
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bi(ː)]"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɪ]"
}
],
"word": "be"
}
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"sounds": [
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"ipa": "[bə]"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɪ]"
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
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"Scots irregular verbs",
"Scots lemmas",
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"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
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"Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
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"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots verbs"
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"name": "dercat"
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{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "been"
},
"expansion": "Middle English been",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wesan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan",
"name": "der"
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{
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"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wesaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English be",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English been, from Old English bēon. The various forms have different further etymologies:\n* The b- forms derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną.\n* All other forms derive from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną\nCognates include English be.",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "tae be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
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"table-tags"
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},
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"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"form": "tae be",
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{
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"to be"
],
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]
]
}
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"ipa": "[bi(ː)]"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɪ]"
}
],
"word": "be"
}
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"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas"
],
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"2": "conjunction"
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"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "conj",
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"word": "by"
}
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"alternative form of by"
],
"links": [
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]
],
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bə]"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɪ]"
}
],
"word": "be"
}
Download raw JSONL data for be meaning in Scots (3.0kB)
{
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"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"be"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "be",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 14"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"be"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "be",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 14"
}
{
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"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"be"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "be",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"be"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "be",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 13"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"be"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "be",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 13"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"be"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "be",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Scots dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.