See मण्डल in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*मण्ड>round",
"5": "-ल>pleonastic",
"id": "circle",
"title": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*मण्ड",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "*मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mǫdo",
"3": "",
"4": "testicle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mell",
"3": "",
"4": "ball"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish mell (“ball”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "meall"
},
"expansion": "Irish meall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*maṇḍ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be bent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "மண்டி",
"3": "",
"4": "kneeling"
},
"expansion": "Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृत्त",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from substrate",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nll",
"2": "मौड्ढारी",
"t": "triangle",
"tr": "moḍḍhārī"
},
"expansion": "Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)\nUnknown. Several theories have been proposed:\n* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.\n** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.\n** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).\n* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.\n* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the \"triangle\" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "máṇḍala",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलौ",
"roman": "máṇḍalau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलासः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डल",
"roman": "máṇḍala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलौ",
"roman": "máṇḍalau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलासः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलौ",
"roman": "máṇḍalau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलान्",
"roman": "máṇḍalān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेन",
"roman": "máṇḍalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलैः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभिः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाय",
"roman": "máṇḍalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलात्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलस्य",
"roman": "máṇḍalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेषु",
"roman": "máṇḍaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला",
"roman": "máṇḍalā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलया",
"roman": "máṇḍalayā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभिः",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायै",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायै2",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायै2",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलासु",
"roman": "máṇḍalāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डल",
"roman": "máṇḍala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेन",
"roman": "máṇḍalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलैः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभिः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाय",
"roman": "máṇḍalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलात्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलस्य",
"roman": "máṇḍalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेषु",
"roman": "máṇḍaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "मण्ड॑ल"
},
"expansion": "मण्ड॑ल • (máṇḍala) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala",
"2": "máṇḍalā",
"3": "máṇḍala"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍalā",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular, round"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-adj-aLLv5XrX",
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"round",
"round"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "मण्डल"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-dar"
},
"expansion": "Dardic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dardic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "māṇḍal",
"3": "māṇḍau",
"t1": "coffin"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks"
},
"expansion": "Kashmiri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashmiri:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "مانڈُل",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: مانڈُل (mānḍul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: مانڈُل (mānḍul)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "मन्डुल",
"sclb": "1",
"t1": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: मन्डुल (manḍul, “circle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: मन्डुल (manḍul, “circle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "maṇḍala"
},
"expansion": "Pali: maṇḍala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: maṇḍala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowed terms"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "মণ্ডল",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "मंडल",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "maṇḍala",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala\nJavanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)\n→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala\nJavanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)\n→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਮੰਡਲ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "மண்டலம்",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "มณฑล",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*मण्ड>round",
"5": "-ल>pleonastic",
"id": "circle",
"title": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*मण्ड",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "*मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mǫdo",
"3": "",
"4": "testicle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mell",
"3": "",
"4": "ball"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish mell (“ball”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "meall"
},
"expansion": "Irish meall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*maṇḍ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be bent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "மண்டி",
"3": "",
"4": "kneeling"
},
"expansion": "Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृत्त",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from substrate",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nll",
"2": "मौड्ढारी",
"t": "triangle",
"tr": "moḍḍhārī"
},
"expansion": "Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)\nUnknown. Several theories have been proposed:\n* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.\n** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.\n** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).\n* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.\n* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the \"triangle\" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "máṇḍala",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डल",
"roman": "máṇḍala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेन",
"roman": "máṇḍalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलैः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभिः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाय",
"roman": "máṇḍalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलात्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलस्य",
"roman": "máṇḍalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेषु",
"roman": "máṇḍaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"head": "मण्ड॑ल"
},
"expansion": "मण्ड॑ल • (máṇḍala) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Shapes",
"orig": "sa:Shapes",
"parents": [
"Geometry",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disk (especially of the sun or moon)"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-iviDHP~i",
"links": [
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
],
"qualifier": "rarely m",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely m) disk (especially of the sun or moon)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything round"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-B6tyFZyN",
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in a circle",
"roman": "maṇḍalena",
"text": "मण्डलेन",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circle, globe, orb, ring, circumference, ball, wheel"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-sd3PPHcP",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"globe",
"globe"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circumference",
"circumference"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "sa:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 CE, Lāṭadeva, Sūryasiddhānta"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the path or orbit of a heavenly body"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-YDy3Kxb3",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) the path or orbit of a heavenly body"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Atmospheric phenomena",
"orig": "sa:Atmospheric phenomena",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a halo round the sun or moon"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-7vefhCOY",
"links": [
[
"halo",
"halo"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Toys",
"orig": "sa:Toys",
"parents": [
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 2 6 7 7 16 6 2 5 5 11 11 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ball used for playing"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-mnJBQ6gE",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Medical equipment",
"orig": "sa:Medical equipment",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Tools",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "sa:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular bandage"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-UtRsjNxK",
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"bandage",
"bandage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery) circular bandage"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Medical signs and symptoms",
"orig": "sa:Medical signs and symptoms",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Medicine",
"Body",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-pa9rfjJk",
"links": [
[
"eruption",
"eruption"
],
[
"leprosy",
"leprosy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also in the plural) a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot"
],
"tags": [
"also",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 0 1 1 2 7 2 2 3 1 10 2 8 23 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lāṭyāyana, Lāṭyāyana-śrauta-sūtra"
},
{
"text": "c. 300 BCE, Kātyāyana, Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"round mole or mark (caused by a fingernail etc.) on the body"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-RZnAjTna",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"fingernail",
"fingernail"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "sa:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
},
{
"text": "Kām"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular array of troops"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-mqaHit4h",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"array",
"array"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) circular array of troops"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Administrative divisions",
"orig": "sa:Administrative divisions",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "sa:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 7 8 4 3 3 0 3 4 52 8 5 2",
"sense": "मण्डलिन् (maṇḍalin, “chief, leader”, literally “possessor of the territory”)",
"tags": [
"Pali"
],
"word": "maṇḍalin"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"district, arrondissement, territory, province, country"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-TbyzWx58",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"arrondissement",
"arrondissement"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"province",
"province"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) district, arrondissement, territory, province, country"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 0 1 1 2 7 2 2 3 1 10 2 8 23 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 3 8 3 3 8 1 12 3 11 25 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 4 9 4 3 9 1 9 2 12 27 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 3 9 3 3 7 0 10 2 12 30 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 4 9 3 2 8 1 10 4 12 26 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 11 1 2 5 1 11 2 14 28 5 18",
"english": "chief of a village",
"roman": "mōṛol",
"sense": "Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮𑀺 (maṃḍali)",
"tags": [
"Bengali"
],
"word": "মোড়ল"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 7.154"
},
{
"text": "Yājñ"
},
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mandala (a surrounding district or neighbouring state; the circle consisting of a ruler's near and distant neighbours)"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-9CDfZ-Bh",
"links": [
[
"mandala",
"mandala"
],
[
"district",
"district#English"
],
[
"state",
"state#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "sa:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a multitude, group, band, collection, whole body, society, company"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-fpfwptOq",
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"company",
"company"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 0 1 1 2 7 2 2 3 1 10 2 8 23 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mandala (division of the book of the Rigveda)"
],
"id": "en-मण्डल-sa-noun-7clvFtxz",
"links": [
[
"mandala",
"mandala"
],
[
"Rigveda",
"Rigveda#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "मण्डल"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Sanskrit entries with etymology trees",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*मण्ड>round",
"5": "-ल>pleonastic",
"id": "circle",
"title": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*मण्ड",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "*मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mǫdo",
"3": "",
"4": "testicle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mell",
"3": "",
"4": "ball"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish mell (“ball”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "meall"
},
"expansion": "Irish meall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*maṇḍ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be bent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "மண்டி",
"3": "",
"4": "kneeling"
},
"expansion": "Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृत्त",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from substrate",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nll",
"2": "मौड्ढारी",
"t": "triangle",
"tr": "moḍḍhārī"
},
"expansion": "Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)\nUnknown. Several theories have been proposed:\n* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.\n** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.\n** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).\n* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.\n* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the \"triangle\" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "máṇḍala",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलौ",
"roman": "máṇḍalau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलासः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डल",
"roman": "máṇḍala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलौ",
"roman": "máṇḍalau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलासः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलौ",
"roman": "máṇḍalau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलान्",
"roman": "máṇḍalān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेन",
"roman": "máṇḍalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलैः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभिः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाय",
"roman": "máṇḍalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलात्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलस्य",
"roman": "máṇḍalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेषु",
"roman": "máṇḍaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला",
"roman": "máṇḍalā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलया",
"roman": "máṇḍalayā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभिः",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायै",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायै2",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायाः",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायै2",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलायाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलासु",
"roman": "máṇḍalāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डल",
"roman": "máṇḍala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेन",
"roman": "máṇḍalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलैः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभिः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाय",
"roman": "máṇḍalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलात्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलस्य",
"roman": "máṇḍalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेषु",
"roman": "máṇḍaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "मण्ड॑ल"
},
"expansion": "मण्ड॑ल • (máṇḍala) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala",
"2": "máṇḍalā",
"3": "máṇḍala"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍalā",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular, round"
],
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"round",
"round"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "मण्डल"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Sanskrit entries with etymology trees",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "मण्डलिन् (maṇḍalin, “chief, leader”, literally “possessor of the territory”)",
"tags": [
"Pali"
],
"word": "maṇḍalin"
},
{
"english": "chief of a village",
"roman": "mōṛol",
"sense": "Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮𑀺 (maṃḍali)",
"tags": [
"Bengali"
],
"word": "মোড়ল"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-dar"
},
"expansion": "Dardic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dardic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "māṇḍal",
"3": "māṇḍau",
"t1": "coffin"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks"
},
"expansion": "Kashmiri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashmiri:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "مانڈُل",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: مانڈُل (mānḍul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: مانڈُل (mānḍul)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "मन्डुल",
"sclb": "1",
"t1": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: मन्डुल (manḍul, “circle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: मन्डुल (manḍul, “circle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "maṇḍala"
},
"expansion": "Pali: maṇḍala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: maṇḍala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowed terms"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "মণ্ডল",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "मंडल",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "maṇḍala",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala\nJavanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)\n→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala\nJavanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)\n→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਮੰਡਲ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "மண்டலம்",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "มณฑล",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*मण्ड>round",
"5": "-ल>pleonastic",
"id": "circle",
"title": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*मण्ड",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "*मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mǫdo",
"3": "",
"4": "testicle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mell",
"3": "",
"4": "ball"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish mell (“ball”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "meall"
},
"expansion": "Irish meall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*maṇḍ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be bent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "மண்டி",
"3": "",
"4": "kneeling"
},
"expansion": "Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृत्त",
"3": "-ल",
"id2": "pleonastic",
"t1": "round"
},
"expansion": "वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from substrate",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nll",
"2": "मौड्ढारी",
"t": "triangle",
"tr": "moḍḍhārī"
},
"expansion": "Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nSanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?\nSanskrit -ल (-la)?\nSanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)\nUnknown. Several theories have been proposed:\n* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.\n** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.\n** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).\n* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.\n* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the \"triangle\" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "मण्ड॑ल",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "máṇḍala",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डल",
"roman": "máṇḍala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानि",
"roman": "máṇḍalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डला1",
"roman": "máṇḍalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेन",
"roman": "máṇḍalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलैः",
"roman": "máṇḍalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभिः1",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाय",
"roman": "máṇḍalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलात्",
"roman": "máṇḍalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेभ्यः",
"roman": "máṇḍalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलस्य",
"roman": "máṇḍalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलानाम्",
"roman": "máṇḍalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डले",
"roman": "máṇḍale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलयोः",
"roman": "máṇḍalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "मण्डलेषु",
"roman": "máṇḍaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"head": "मण्ड॑ल"
},
"expansion": "मण्ड॑ल • (máṇḍala) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "máṇḍala"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sa:Shapes"
],
"glosses": [
"disk (especially of the sun or moon)"
],
"links": [
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
],
"qualifier": "rarely m",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely m) disk (especially of the sun or moon)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything round"
],
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in a circle",
"roman": "maṇḍalena",
"text": "मण्डलेन",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circle, globe, orb, ring, circumference, ball, wheel"
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"globe",
"globe"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circumference",
"circumference"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Astronomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 CE, Lāṭadeva, Sūryasiddhānta"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the path or orbit of a heavenly body"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) the path or orbit of a heavenly body"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Atmospheric phenomena"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a halo round the sun or moon"
],
"links": [
[
"halo",
"halo"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Toys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ball used for playing"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Medical equipment",
"sa:Surgery"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular bandage"
],
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"bandage",
"bandage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery) circular bandage"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Medical signs and symptoms"
],
"glosses": [
"a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot"
],
"links": [
[
"eruption",
"eruption"
],
[
"leprosy",
"leprosy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also in the plural) a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot"
],
"tags": [
"also",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lāṭyāyana, Lāṭyāyana-śrauta-sūtra"
},
{
"text": "c. 300 BCE, Kātyāyana, Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"round mole or mark (caused by a fingernail etc.) on the body"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"fingernail",
"fingernail"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
},
{
"text": "Kām"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular array of troops"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"array",
"array"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) circular array of troops"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Administrative divisions",
"sa:Geography"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"district, arrondissement, territory, province, country"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"arrondissement",
"arrondissement"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"province",
"province"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) district, arrondissement, territory, province, country"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 7.154"
},
{
"text": "Yājñ"
},
{
"text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mandala (a surrounding district or neighbouring state; the circle consisting of a ruler's near and distant neighbours)"
],
"links": [
[
"mandala",
"mandala"
],
[
"district",
"district#English"
],
[
"state",
"state#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sa:Collectives"
],
"glosses": [
"a multitude, group, band, collection, whole body, society, company"
],
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"company",
"company"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mandala (division of the book of the Rigveda)"
],
"links": [
[
"mandala",
"mandala"
],
[
"Rigveda",
"Rigveda#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "मण्डल"
}
Download raw JSONL data for मण्डल meaning in Sanskrit (32.3kB)
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"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "मण्डल",
"trace": ""
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"subsection": "adjective",
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"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.