See कलम in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "According to the Uṇādi-sūtra, iv, p.84, from the root √kal (“to sound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalama",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमः",
"roman": "kalamaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाः",
"roman": "kalamāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमासः1",
"roman": "kalamāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलम",
"roman": "kalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाः",
"roman": "kalamāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमासः1",
"roman": "kalamāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमम्",
"roman": "kalamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमान्",
"roman": "kalamān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेन",
"roman": "kalamena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमैः",
"roman": "kalamaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभिः1",
"roman": "kalamebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाय",
"roman": "kalamāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभ्यः",
"roman": "kalamebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमात्",
"roman": "kalamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभ्यः",
"roman": "kalamebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमस्य",
"roman": "kalamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमयोः",
"roman": "kalamayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमानाम्",
"roman": "kalamānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमे",
"roman": "kalame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमयोः",
"roman": "kalamayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेषु",
"roman": "kalameṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "कलम • (kalama) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 47 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Grasses",
"orig": "sa:Grasses",
"parents": [
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "People",
"orig": "sa:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a sort of rice (sown in May and June and ripening in December or January)"
],
"id": "en-कलम-sa-noun-YfyyIU7Z",
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐ.lɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɐ.l̪ɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कलम"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάλαμος",
"4": "",
"5": "reed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalama",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमः",
"roman": "kalamaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाः",
"roman": "kalamāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमासः1",
"roman": "kalamāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलम",
"roman": "kalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाः",
"roman": "kalamāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमासः1",
"roman": "kalamāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमम्",
"roman": "kalamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमान्",
"roman": "kalamān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेन",
"roman": "kalamena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमैः",
"roman": "kalamaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभिः1",
"roman": "kalamebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाय",
"roman": "kalamāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभ्यः",
"roman": "kalamebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमात्",
"roman": "kalamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभ्यः",
"roman": "kalamebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमस्य",
"roman": "kalamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमयोः",
"roman": "kalamayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमानाम्",
"roman": "kalamānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमे",
"roman": "kalame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमयोः",
"roman": "kalamayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेषु",
"roman": "kalameṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "कलम • (kalama) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 63 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 63 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 47 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Grasses",
"orig": "sa:Grasses",
"parents": [
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "People",
"orig": "sa:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 83 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Writing instruments",
"orig": "sa:Writing instruments",
"parents": [
"Stationery",
"Tools",
"Writing",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"writing reed"
],
"id": "en-कलम-sa-noun-uqXTdtRB",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐ.lɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɐ.l̪ɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कलम"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kaḷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kaḷ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kaḷ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalama",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमः",
"roman": "kalamaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाः",
"roman": "kalamāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमासः1",
"roman": "kalamāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलम",
"roman": "kalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाः",
"roman": "kalamāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमासः1",
"roman": "kalamāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमम्",
"roman": "kalamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमौ",
"roman": "kalamau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमा1",
"roman": "kalamā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमान्",
"roman": "kalamān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेन",
"roman": "kalamena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमैः",
"roman": "kalamaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभिः1",
"roman": "kalamebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाय",
"roman": "kalamāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभ्यः",
"roman": "kalamebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमात्",
"roman": "kalamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kalamābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेभ्यः",
"roman": "kalamebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमस्य",
"roman": "kalamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमयोः",
"roman": "kalamayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमानाम्",
"roman": "kalamānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमे",
"roman": "kalame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमयोः",
"roman": "kalamayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कलमेषु",
"roman": "kalameṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "कलम • (kalama) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 42 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "People",
"orig": "sa:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈkɐ.l̪ɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कलम"
}
Download raw JSONL data for कलम meaning in Sanskrit (14.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"कलम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "कलम",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"कलम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "कलम",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"कलम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "कलम",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.