"потолок" meaning in Russian

See потолок in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [pətɐˈɫok] Audio: Ru-потолок.ogg
Etymology: From Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”). Etymology templates: {{der|ru|sla-pro|*potolъkъ}} Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, {{m|sla-pro|*tьlo||ground, bottom}} *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), {{der|ru|ine-pro|*telh₂-o-||ground}} Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), {{m|ine-pro|*telh₂-||to bear, carry}} *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”), {{cog|sa|तल||surface, bottom}} Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), {{cog|la|tellūs||ground, land}} Latin tellūs (“ground, land”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|b|потоло́к|*|adj=потоло́чный}} потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный) Forms: потоло́к [canonical], potolók [romanization], потолка́ [genitive], потолки́ [nominative, plural], потолко́в [genitive, plural], потоло́чный [adjective, relational], потоло́к [nominative, singular], потолки́ [nominative, plural], потолка́ [genitive, singular], потолко́в [genitive, plural], потолку́ [dative, singular], потолка́м [dative, plural], потоло́к [accusative, singular], потолки́ [accusative, plural], потолко́м [instrumental, singular], потолка́ми [instrumental, plural], потолке́ [prepositional, singular], потолка́х [plural, prepositional]
  1. ceiling
    Sense id: en-потолок-ru-noun-lvFukpBH
  2. (figuratively) upper limit Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-потолок-ru-noun-0egqm0lN
  3. (figuratively) limit in someone's development Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-потолок-ru-noun-lOnDYLsJ
  4. (aviation) roof Categories (topical): Aviation
    Sense id: en-потолок-ru-noun-0aDW9HB0 Categories (other): Russian links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 23 18 15 44 Topics: aeronautics, aerospace, aviation, business, engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: потоло́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918) (potolók)
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Forms: потоло́к [canonical], potolók [romanization]
Head templates: {{head|ru|verb form|head=потоло́к}} потоло́к • (potolók)
  1. masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ) Tags: form-of, indicative, masculine, past, perfective, singular Form of: потоло́чь (extra: potolóčʹ)
    Sense id: en-потолок-ru-verb-wNbaaIZ1 Categories (other): Inflections with a red link for lemma
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for потолок meaning in Russian (6.8kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "pol",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пол"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "պատալոկ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "პატალოკი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*potolъkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tьlo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "*tьlo (“ground, bottom”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*telh₂-o-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*telh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bear, carry"
      },
      "expansion": "*telh₂- (“to bear, carry”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तल",
        "3": "",
        "4": "surface, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tellūs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, land"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tellūs (“ground, land”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́чный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "roman": "potolká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "roman": "potolkóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолку́",
      "roman": "potolkú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́м",
      "roman": "potolkám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́м",
      "roman": "potolkóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́ми",
      "roman": "potolkámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолке́",
      "roman": "potolké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́х",
      "roman": "potolkáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "потоло́к",
        "3": "*",
        "adj": "потоло́чный"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to sit around doing nothing",
          "roman": "plevátʹ v potolók",
          "text": "плева́ть в потоло́к",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to make up, to spin out of thin air",
          "roman": "vzjatʹ s potolká",
          "text": "взять с потолка́",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ceiling"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-lvFukpBH",
      "links": [
        [
          "ceiling",
          "ceiling"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "upper limit"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-0egqm0lN",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) upper limit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-lOnDYLsJ",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Aviation",
          "orig": "ru:Aviation",
          "parents": [
            "Aeronautics",
            "Transport",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 18 15 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "roof"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-0aDW9HB0",
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "roof",
          "roof"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) roof"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pətɐˈɫok]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-потолок.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "word": "потоло́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "потоло́к"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Inflections with a red link for lemma",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "potolóčʹ",
          "word": "потоло́чь"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ)"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-verb-wNbaaIZ1",
      "links": [
        [
          "потоло́чь",
          "потолочь#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "perfective",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "pol",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пол"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian verb forms"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "պատալոկ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "პატალოკი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*potolъkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tьlo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "*tьlo (“ground, bottom”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*telh₂-o-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*telh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bear, carry"
      },
      "expansion": "*telh₂- (“to bear, carry”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तल",
        "3": "",
        "4": "surface, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tellūs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, land"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tellūs (“ground, land”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́чный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "roman": "potolká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "roman": "potolkóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолку́",
      "roman": "potolkú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́м",
      "roman": "potolkám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́м",
      "roman": "potolkóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́ми",
      "roman": "potolkámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолке́",
      "roman": "potolké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́х",
      "roman": "potolkáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "потоло́к",
        "3": "*",
        "adj": "потоло́чный"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to sit around doing nothing",
          "roman": "plevátʹ v potolók",
          "text": "плева́ть в потоло́к",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to make up, to spin out of thin air",
          "roman": "vzjatʹ s potolká",
          "text": "взять с потолка́",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ceiling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ceiling",
          "ceiling"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "upper limit"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) upper limit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Aviation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "roof"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "roof",
          "roof"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) roof"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pətɐˈɫok]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-потолок.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "potolók",
      "word": "потоло́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "потоло́к"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Inflections with a red link for lemma"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "potolóčʹ",
          "word": "потоло́чь"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "потоло́чь",
          "потолочь#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "perfective",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.