See потолок on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "pol",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пол"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "պատալոկ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "პატალოკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*potolъkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*potolъkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*telh₂-o-",
"4": "",
"5": "ground"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तल",
"3": "",
"4": "surface, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tellūs",
"3": "",
"4": "ground, land"
},
"expansion": "Latin tellūs (“ground, land”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "potolók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "потолки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолко́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́чный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"roman": "potolók",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолки́",
"roman": "potolkí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́",
"roman": "potolká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолко́в",
"roman": "potolkóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолку́",
"roman": "potolkú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́м",
"roman": "potolkám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"roman": "potolók",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолки́",
"roman": "potolkí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолко́м",
"roman": "potolkóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́ми",
"roman": "potolkámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолке́",
"roman": "potolké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́х",
"roman": "potolkáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́къ",
"roman": "potolók",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "потоло́к",
"3": "*",
"adj": "потоло́чный"
},
"expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sit around doing nothing",
"roman": "plevátʹ v potolók",
"text": "плева́ть в потоло́к",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to make up, to spin out of thin air",
"roman": "vzjatʹ s potolká",
"text": "взять с потолка́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Left alone he glanced with satisfaction at his bed which almost reached the ceiling.",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь, “Том I, Глава 3”, in Мёртвые души; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Dead Souls, London: Chatto & Windus, 1922:",
"roman": "Ostavšisʹ odin, on ne bez udovolʹstvija vzgljanul na svoju postelʹ, kotoraja byla počti do potolka.",
"text": "Оставшись один, он не без удовольствия взглянул на свою постель, которая была почти до потолка.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ceiling"
],
"id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-lvFukpBH",
"links": [
[
"ceiling",
"ceiling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 78 1 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 84 1 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 73 1 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 68 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 69 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 40 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 45 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 66 2 19 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "ru:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"upper limit"
],
"id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-0egqm0lN",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) upper limit"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"limit in someone's development"
],
"id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-lOnDYLsJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) limit in someone's development"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Aviation",
"orig": "ru:Aviation",
"parents": [
"Aeronautics",
"Transport",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-0aDW9HB0",
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) roof"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pətɐˈɫok]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-потолок.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg"
}
],
"word": "потолок"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "potolók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "потоло́к"
},
"expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "potolóčʹ",
"word": "потоло́чь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ)"
],
"id": "en-потолок-ru-verb-wNbaaIZ1",
"links": [
[
"потоло́чь",
"потолочь#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"masculine",
"past",
"perfective",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "потолок"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "pol",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пол"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 3-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Russian nouns with reducible stem",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian verb forms",
"ru:Architecture"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "պատալոկ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "პატალოკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*potolъkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*potolъkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*telh₂-o-",
"4": "",
"5": "ground"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तल",
"3": "",
"4": "surface, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tellūs",
"3": "",
"4": "ground, land"
},
"expansion": "Latin tellūs (“ground, land”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "potolók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "потолки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолко́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́чный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"roman": "potolók",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолки́",
"roman": "potolkí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́",
"roman": "potolká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолко́в",
"roman": "potolkóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолку́",
"roman": "potolkú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́м",
"roman": "potolkám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"roman": "potolók",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолки́",
"roman": "potolkí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолко́м",
"roman": "potolkóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́ми",
"roman": "potolkámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "потолке́",
"roman": "potolké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "потолка́х",
"roman": "potolkáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "потоло́къ",
"roman": "potolók",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "потоло́к",
"3": "*",
"adj": "потоло́чный"
},
"expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with quotations",
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sit around doing nothing",
"roman": "plevátʹ v potolók",
"text": "плева́ть в потоло́к",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to make up, to spin out of thin air",
"roman": "vzjatʹ s potolká",
"text": "взять с потолка́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Left alone he glanced with satisfaction at his bed which almost reached the ceiling.",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь, “Том I, Глава 3”, in Мёртвые души; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Dead Souls, London: Chatto & Windus, 1922:",
"roman": "Ostavšisʹ odin, on ne bez udovolʹstvija vzgljanul na svoju postelʹ, kotoraja byla počti do potolka.",
"text": "Оставшись один, он не без удовольствия взглянул на свою постель, которая была почти до потолка.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ceiling"
],
"links": [
[
"ceiling",
"ceiling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"upper limit"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) upper limit"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"limit in someone's development"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) limit in someone's development"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Aviation"
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) roof"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pətɐˈɫok]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-потолок.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg"
}
],
"word": "потолок"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian verb forms",
"ru:Architecture"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "потоло́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "potolók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "потоло́к"
},
"expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "potolóčʹ",
"word": "потоло́чь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ)"
],
"links": [
[
"потоло́чь",
"потолочь#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"masculine",
"past",
"perfective",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "потолок"
}
Download raw JSONL data for потолок meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.