"потолок" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "pol",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пол"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "պատալոկ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "პატალოკი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*potolъkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tьlo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "*tьlo (“ground, bottom”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*telh₂-o-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*telh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bear, carry"
      },
      "expansion": "*telh₂- (“to bear, carry”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तल",
        "3": "",
        "4": "surface, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tellūs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, land"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tellūs (“ground, land”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́чный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "roman": "potolká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "roman": "potolkóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолку́",
      "roman": "potolkú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́м",
      "roman": "potolkám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́м",
      "roman": "potolkóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́ми",
      "roman": "potolkámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолке́",
      "roman": "potolké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́х",
      "roman": "potolkáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "потоло́к",
        "3": "*",
        "adj": "потоло́чный"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to sit around doing nothing",
          "roman": "plevátʹ v potolók",
          "text": "плева́ть в потоло́к",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to make up, to spin out of thin air",
          "roman": "vzjatʹ s potolká",
          "text": "взять с потолка́",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ceiling"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-lvFukpBH",
      "links": [
        [
          "ceiling",
          "ceiling"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 66 5 16 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 69 6 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 39 14 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 43 14 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 56 4 23 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Architecture",
          "orig": "ru:Architecture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "upper limit"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-0egqm0lN",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) upper limit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-lOnDYLsJ",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Aviation",
          "orig": "ru:Aviation",
          "parents": [
            "Aeronautics",
            "Transport",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "roof"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-noun-0aDW9HB0",
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "roof",
          "roof"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) roof"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pətɐˈɫok]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-потолок.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "word": "потоло́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "потоло́к"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Inflections with a red link for lemma",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "potolóčʹ",
          "word": "потоло́чь"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ)"
      ],
      "id": "en-потолок-ru-verb-wNbaaIZ1",
      "links": [
        [
          "потоло́чь",
          "потолочь#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "perfective",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "pol",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пол"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
    "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
    "Russian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian verb forms",
    "ru:Architecture"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "պատալոկ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: պատալոկ (patalok)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "პატალოკი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: პატალოკი (ṗaṭaloḳi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*potolъkъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tьlo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "*tьlo (“ground, bottom”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*telh₂-o-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*telh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bear, carry"
      },
      "expansion": "*telh₂- (“to bear, carry”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तल",
        "3": "",
        "4": "surface, bottom"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tellūs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ground, land"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tellūs (“ground, land”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *potolъkъ, from *tьlo (“ground, bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-o- (“ground”), from *telh₂- (“to bear, carry”). Cognates include Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface, bottom”), Latin tellūs (“ground, land”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́чный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́",
      "roman": "potolká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́в",
      "roman": "potolkóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолку́",
      "roman": "potolkú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́м",
      "roman": "potolkám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "roman": "potolók",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолки́",
      "roman": "potolkí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолко́м",
      "roman": "potolkóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́ми",
      "roman": "potolkámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолке́",
      "roman": "potolké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "потолка́х",
      "roman": "potolkáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "потоло́к",
        "3": "*",
        "adj": "потоло́чный"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók) m inan (genitive потолка́, nominative plural потолки́, genitive plural потолко́в, relational adjective потоло́чный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to sit around doing nothing",
          "roman": "plevátʹ v potolók",
          "text": "плева́ть в потоло́к",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to make up, to spin out of thin air",
          "roman": "vzjatʹ s potolká",
          "text": "взять с потолка́",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ceiling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ceiling",
          "ceiling"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "upper limit"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) upper limit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) limit in someone's development"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Aviation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "roof"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "roof",
          "roof"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) roof"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pətɐˈɫok]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-потолок.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "potolók",
      "word": "потоло́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian verb forms",
    "ru:Architecture"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "потоло́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "potolók",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "потоло́к"
      },
      "expansion": "потоло́к • (potolók)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Inflections with a red link for lemma"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "potolóčʹ",
          "word": "потоло́чь"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine singular past indicative perfective of потоло́чь (potolóčʹ)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "потоло́чь",
          "потолочь#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "perfective",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "потолок"
}