"-ить" meaning in Russian

See -ить in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: [ʲɪtʲ] [unstressed], [ˈʲitʲ] [stressed]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*-iti|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-iti, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*-iti}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti Head templates: {{head|ru|suffix|cat2=verb-forming suffixes|head=-и́ть|head2=-ить}} -и́ть or -ить • (-ítʹ or -itʹ) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|4a+p|-ить}}, {{ru-conj|impf|4b+p|-и́ть|or|4c+p|-и́ть}} Forms: -и́ть [canonical], -ить [canonical], -ítʹ [romanization], -itʹ [romanization], imperfective transitive [table-tags], -ить [imperfective, infinitive], -ящий [active, participle, present], -ивший [active, participle, past], -￲имый [participle, passive, present], -￲imyj [participle, passive, present], -енный [participle, passive, past], [adverbial, participle, present], -ив [adverbial, participle, past], -ивши [adverbial, participle, past], -ю [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду -ить [first-person, future, singular], -ишь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь -ить [future, second-person, singular], -ит [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет -ить [future, singular, third-person], -им [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем -ить [first-person, future, plural], -ите [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете -ить [future, plural, second-person], -ят [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут -ить [future, plural, third-person], [imperative, singular], -ʹ [imperative, singular], -ьте [imperative, plural], -ил [masculine, past, singular], -или [masculine, past, plural], -ила [feminine, past, singular], -или [feminine, past, plural], -ило [neuter, past, singular], -или [neuter, past, plural], imperfective transitive [table-tags], -и́ть [imperfective, infinitive], -я́щий [active, participle, present], -и́вший [active, participle, past], -￲и́мый [participle, passive, present], -￲ímyj [participle, passive, present], -ённый [participle, passive, past], -енный [participle, passive, past], -я́ [adverbial, participle, present], -и́в [adverbial, participle, past], -и́вши [adverbial, participle, past], -ю́ [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду -и́ть [first-person, future, singular], -и́шь [present, second-person, singular], -ишь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь -и́ть [future, second-person, singular], -и́т [present, singular, third-person], -ит [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет -и́ть [future, singular, third-person], -и́м [first-person, plural, present], -им [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем -и́ть [first-person, future, plural], -и́те [plural, present, second-person], -ите [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете -и́ть [future, plural, second-person], -я́т [plural, present, third-person], -ят [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут -и́ть [future, plural, third-person], -и́ [imperative, singular], -и́те [imperative, plural], -и́л [masculine, past, singular], -и́ли [masculine, past, plural], -и́ла [feminine, past, singular], -и́ли [feminine, past, plural], -и́ло [neuter, past, singular], -и́ли [neuter, past, plural]
  1. The infinitive suffix for many verbs; usually indicates a perfective verb. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ить-ru-suffix-6VUWJXir Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 26 38 36
  2. A suffix used to form factitive verbs from nouns, i.e. verbs having the meaning "to make X(er)" for X an adjective or noun. Usually used with a prefix such as о- (o-), об- (ob-) or у- (u-). Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ить-ru-suffix-cispKXWi Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 26 38 36
  3. A suffix used to form negative factitive verbs from без- (bez-, “without, -less”) (or бес- (bes-)) + a noun, i.e. verbs having the meaning "to deprive of X" for X a noun. Usually used with о- (o-) and commonly corresponding to English verbs in de- or dis-. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ить-ru-suffix-EGmJAsPU Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 26 38 36
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ать (-atʹ), -ять (-jatʹ), -еть (-etʹ), -ть (-tʹ), -ти (-ti)

Download JSON data for -ить meaning in Russian (13.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-iti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-iti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-iti"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-и́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ить",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ить",
      "roman": "-itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ящий",
      "roman": "-jaščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ивший",
      "roman": "-ivšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲имый",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲imyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-енный",
      "roman": "-ennyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ив",
      "roman": "-iv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ивши",
      "roman": "-ivši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ю",
      "roman": "-ju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду -ить",
      "roman": "búdu -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ишь",
      "roman": "-išʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь -ить",
      "roman": "búdešʹ -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ит",
      "roman": "-it",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет -ить",
      "roman": "búdet -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-им",
      "roman": "-im",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем -ить",
      "roman": "búdem -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ите",
      "roman": "-ite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете -ить",
      "roman": "búdete -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ят",
      "roman": "-jat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут -ить",
      "roman": "búdut -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ьте",
      "roman": "-ʹte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ил",
      "roman": "-il",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-или",
      "roman": "-ili",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ила",
      "roman": "-ila",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-или",
      "roman": "-ili",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ило",
      "roman": "-ilo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-или",
      "roman": "-ili",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4b // 4c imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ть",
      "roman": "-ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я́щий",
      "roman": "-jáščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́вший",
      "roman": "-ívšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲и́мый",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲ímyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ённый",
      "roman": "-jónnyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-енный",
      "roman": "-ennyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я́",
      "roman": "-já",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́в",
      "roman": "-ív",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́вши",
      "roman": "-ívši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ю́",
      "roman": "-jú",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdu -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́шь",
      "roman": "-íšʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ишь",
      "roman": "-išʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́т",
      "roman": "-ít",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ит",
      "roman": "-it",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdet -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́м",
      "roman": "-ím",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-им",
      "roman": "-im",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdem -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́те",
      "roman": "-íte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ите",
      "roman": "-ite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdete -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я́т",
      "roman": "-ját",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ят",
      "roman": "-jat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdut -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́",
      "roman": "-í",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́те",
      "roman": "-íte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́л",
      "roman": "-íl",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ли",
      "roman": "-íli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ла",
      "roman": "-íla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ли",
      "roman": "-íli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ло",
      "roman": "-ílo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ли",
      "roman": "-íli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
        "head": "-и́ть",
        "head2": "-ить"
      },
      "expansion": "-и́ть or -ить • (-ítʹ or -itʹ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "4a+p",
        "3": "-ить"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "4b+p",
        "3": "-и́ть",
        "4": "or",
        "5": "4c+p",
        "6": "-и́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "-atʹ",
      "word": "-ать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "-jatʹ",
      "word": "-ять"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "-etʹ",
      "word": "-еть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "-tʹ",
      "word": "-ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "-ti",
      "word": "-ти"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 38 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The infinitive suffix for many verbs; usually indicates a perfective verb."
      ],
      "id": "en--ить-ru-suffix-6VUWJXir",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 38 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + сла́бый (slábyj, “weak”) + -ить (-itʹ) → осла́бить (oslábitʹ, “to weaken”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + бе́дный (bédnyj, “poor”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → обедни́ть (obednítʹ, “to impoverish”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + свобо́д(ный) (svobód(nyj), “free”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → освободи́ть (osvobodítʹ, “to liberate”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + кайма́ (kajmá, “border, hem, edge”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → окайми́ть (okajmítʹ, “to provide with a border, hem or edge”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + зо́лото (zóloto, “gold”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → озолоти́ть (ozolotítʹ, “to gild”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "об- (ob-) + о́бщий (óbščij, “general”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → обобщи́ть (obobščítʹ, “to generalize”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "у- (u-) + то́нкий (tónkij, “thin, subtle, fine”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → утончи́ть (utončítʹ, “to make (more) subtle, to refine”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "у- (u-) + кре́п(кий) (krép(kij), “strong”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → укрепи́ть (ukrepítʹ, “to strengthen”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "у- (u-) + лу́чший (lúčšij, “better”) + -ить (-itʹ) → улу́чшить (ulúčšitʹ, “to improve”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "по- (po-) + ни́з(кий) (níz(kij), “low”) + -ить (-itʹ) → пони́зить (ponízitʹ, “to lower”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix used to form factitive verbs from nouns, i.e. verbs having the meaning \"to make X(er)\" for X an adjective or noun. Usually used with a prefix such as о- (o-), об- (ob-) or у- (u-)."
      ],
      "id": "en--ить-ru-suffix-cispKXWi",
      "links": [
        [
          "factitive",
          "Appendix:Glossary#factitive"
        ],
        [
          "о-",
          "о-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "об-",
          "об-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "у-",
          "у-#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 38 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + лес (les, “forest”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезле́сить (obezlésitʹ, “to deforest”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + лю́ди (ljúdi, “people”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезлю́дить (obezljúditʹ, “to depopulate”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + ору́жие (orúžije, “weapon”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезору́жить (obezorúžitʹ, “to disarm”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + вред (vred, “harm”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезвре́дить (obezvréditʹ, “to defuse, to render harmless”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + бес- (bes-) + цвет (cvet, “color”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обесцве́тить (obescvétitʹ, “to desaturate, to bleach, to turn black and white”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix used to form negative factitive verbs from без- (bez-, “without, -less”) (or бес- (bes-)) + a noun, i.e. verbs having the meaning \"to deprive of X\" for X a noun. Usually used with о- (o-) and commonly corresponding to English verbs in de- or dis-."
      ],
      "id": "en--ить-ru-suffix-EGmJAsPU",
      "links": [
        [
          "factitive",
          "Appendix:Glossary#factitive"
        ],
        [
          "без-",
          "без-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "without",
          "without#English"
        ],
        [
          "-less",
          "-less#English"
        ],
        [
          "бес-",
          "бес-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "о-",
          "о-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "de-",
          "de-#English"
        ],
        [
          "dis-",
          "dis-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʲɪtʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʲitʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ить"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian suffixes",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Russian verb-forming suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-iti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-iti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-iti"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-iti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-и́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ить",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ить",
      "roman": "-itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ящий",
      "roman": "-jaščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ивший",
      "roman": "-ivšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲имый",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲imyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-енный",
      "roman": "-ennyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ив",
      "roman": "-iv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ивши",
      "roman": "-ivši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ю",
      "roman": "-ju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду -ить",
      "roman": "búdu -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ишь",
      "roman": "-išʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь -ить",
      "roman": "búdešʹ -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ит",
      "roman": "-it",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет -ить",
      "roman": "búdet -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-им",
      "roman": "-im",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем -ить",
      "roman": "búdem -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ите",
      "roman": "-ite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете -ить",
      "roman": "búdete -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ят",
      "roman": "-jat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут -ить",
      "roman": "búdut -itʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ьте",
      "roman": "-ʹte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ил",
      "roman": "-il",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-или",
      "roman": "-ili",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ила",
      "roman": "-ila",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-или",
      "roman": "-ili",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ило",
      "roman": "-ilo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-или",
      "roman": "-ili",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4b // 4c imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ть",
      "roman": "-ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я́щий",
      "roman": "-jáščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́вший",
      "roman": "-ívšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲и́мый",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-￲ímyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ённый",
      "roman": "-jónnyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-енный",
      "roman": "-ennyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я́",
      "roman": "-já",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́в",
      "roman": "-ív",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́вши",
      "roman": "-ívši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ю́",
      "roman": "-jú",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdu -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́шь",
      "roman": "-íšʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ишь",
      "roman": "-išʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́т",
      "roman": "-ít",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ит",
      "roman": "-it",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdet -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́м",
      "roman": "-ím",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-им",
      "roman": "-im",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdem -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́те",
      "roman": "-íte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ите",
      "roman": "-ite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdete -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я́т",
      "roman": "-ját",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ят",
      "roman": "-jat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут -и́ть",
      "roman": "búdut -ítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́",
      "roman": "-í",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́те",
      "roman": "-íte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́л",
      "roman": "-íl",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ли",
      "roman": "-íli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ла",
      "roman": "-íla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ли",
      "roman": "-íli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ло",
      "roman": "-ílo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и́ли",
      "roman": "-íli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
        "head": "-и́ть",
        "head2": "-ить"
      },
      "expansion": "-и́ть or -ить • (-ítʹ or -itʹ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "4a+p",
        "3": "-ить"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "4b+p",
        "3": "-и́ть",
        "4": "or",
        "5": "4c+p",
        "6": "-и́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-atʹ",
      "word": "-ать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-jatʹ",
      "word": "-ять"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-etʹ",
      "word": "-еть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-tʹ",
      "word": "-ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ti",
      "word": "-ти"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The infinitive suffix for many verbs; usually indicates a perfective verb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + сла́бый (slábyj, “weak”) + -ить (-itʹ) → осла́бить (oslábitʹ, “to weaken”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + бе́дный (bédnyj, “poor”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → обедни́ть (obednítʹ, “to impoverish”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + свобо́д(ный) (svobód(nyj), “free”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → освободи́ть (osvobodítʹ, “to liberate”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + кайма́ (kajmá, “border, hem, edge”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → окайми́ть (okajmítʹ, “to provide with a border, hem or edge”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + зо́лото (zóloto, “gold”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → озолоти́ть (ozolotítʹ, “to gild”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "об- (ob-) + о́бщий (óbščij, “general”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → обобщи́ть (obobščítʹ, “to generalize”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "у- (u-) + то́нкий (tónkij, “thin, subtle, fine”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → утончи́ть (utončítʹ, “to make (more) subtle, to refine”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "у- (u-) + кре́п(кий) (krép(kij), “strong”) + -и́ть (-ítʹ) → укрепи́ть (ukrepítʹ, “to strengthen”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "у- (u-) + лу́чший (lúčšij, “better”) + -ить (-itʹ) → улу́чшить (ulúčšitʹ, “to improve”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "по- (po-) + ни́з(кий) (níz(kij), “low”) + -ить (-itʹ) → пони́зить (ponízitʹ, “to lower”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix used to form factitive verbs from nouns, i.e. verbs having the meaning \"to make X(er)\" for X an adjective or noun. Usually used with a prefix such as о- (o-), об- (ob-) or у- (u-)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "factitive",
          "Appendix:Glossary#factitive"
        ],
        [
          "о-",
          "о-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "об-",
          "об-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "у-",
          "у-#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + лес (les, “forest”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезле́сить (obezlésitʹ, “to deforest”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + лю́ди (ljúdi, “people”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезлю́дить (obezljúditʹ, “to depopulate”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + ору́жие (orúžije, “weapon”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезору́жить (obezorúžitʹ, “to disarm”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + без- (bez-) + вред (vred, “harm”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обезвре́дить (obezvréditʹ, “to defuse, to render harmless”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "о- (o-) + бес- (bes-) + цвет (cvet, “color”) + -ить (-itʹ) → обесцве́тить (obescvétitʹ, “to desaturate, to bleach, to turn black and white”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix used to form negative factitive verbs from без- (bez-, “without, -less”) (or бес- (bes-)) + a noun, i.e. verbs having the meaning \"to deprive of X\" for X a noun. Usually used with о- (o-) and commonly corresponding to English verbs in de- or dis-."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "factitive",
          "Appendix:Glossary#factitive"
        ],
        [
          "без-",
          "без-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "without",
          "without#English"
        ],
        [
          "-less",
          "-less#English"
        ],
        [
          "бес-",
          "бес-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "о-",
          "о-#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "de-",
          "de-#English"
        ],
        [
          "dis-",
          "dis-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʲɪtʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʲitʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ить"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.