See -ь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "-ь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ь",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ей",
"roman": "-ej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ям",
"roman": "-jam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ью",
"roman": "-ʹju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ями",
"roman": "-jami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ях",
"roman": "-jax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ь • (-ʹ) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "связа́ть (svjazátʹ, “to tie, to bind”) + -ь (-ʹ) → связь (svjazʹ, “tie, bond”)"
},
{
"text": "-речь (-rečʹ, “to speak”) (root рек- (rek-)) + -ь (-ʹ) → речь (rečʹ, “speech”)"
},
{
"text": "записа́ть (zapisátʹ, “to write down”) + -ь (-ʹ) → за́пись (zápisʹ, “writing down, record”)"
},
{
"text": "накипе́ть (nakipétʹ, “to form a scum”) + -ь (-ʹ) → на́кипь (nákipʹ, “scum”)"
},
{
"text": "но́вый (nóvyj, “new”) + -ь (-ʹ) → новь (novʹ, “novelty; virgin, unplowed land”)"
},
{
"text": "зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”) + -ь (-ʹ) → зе́лень (zélenʹ, “greenery, verdure”)"
},
{
"text": "высо́кий (vysókij, “high”) (root выс- (vys-), cf. comparative вы́ше (výše)) + -ь (-ʹ) → высь (vysʹ, “height(s), high place”)"
}
],
"id": "en--ь-ru-suffix-47DEQpj8",
"qualifier": "or occasionally from adjectives",
"raw_glosses": [
"(forms nouns denoting objects or (usually) abstract concepts from verbs, or occasionally from adjectives)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"forms nouns denoting objects or (usually) abstract concepts from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"empty-gloss",
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʲ]"
}
],
"word": "-ь"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "-ь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ь",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ей",
"roman": "-ej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ям",
"roman": "-jam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ью",
"roman": "-ʹju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ями",
"roman": "-jami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ях",
"roman": "-jax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ь • (-ʹ) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine suffixes",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian noun-forming suffixes",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian suffixes",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "связа́ть (svjazátʹ, “to tie, to bind”) + -ь (-ʹ) → связь (svjazʹ, “tie, bond”)"
},
{
"text": "-речь (-rečʹ, “to speak”) (root рек- (rek-)) + -ь (-ʹ) → речь (rečʹ, “speech”)"
},
{
"text": "записа́ть (zapisátʹ, “to write down”) + -ь (-ʹ) → за́пись (zápisʹ, “writing down, record”)"
},
{
"text": "накипе́ть (nakipétʹ, “to form a scum”) + -ь (-ʹ) → на́кипь (nákipʹ, “scum”)"
},
{
"text": "но́вый (nóvyj, “new”) + -ь (-ʹ) → новь (novʹ, “novelty; virgin, unplowed land”)"
},
{
"text": "зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”) + -ь (-ʹ) → зе́лень (zélenʹ, “greenery, verdure”)"
},
{
"text": "высо́кий (vysókij, “high”) (root выс- (vys-), cf. comparative вы́ше (výše)) + -ь (-ʹ) → высь (vysʹ, “height(s), high place”)"
}
],
"qualifier": "or occasionally from adjectives",
"raw_glosses": [
"(forms nouns denoting objects or (usually) abstract concepts from verbs, or occasionally from adjectives)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"forms nouns denoting objects or (usually) abstract concepts from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"empty-gloss",
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʲ]"
}
],
"word": "-ь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ь meaning in Russian (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.