"-ль" meaning in Russian

See -ль in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь, from *-lъ + *-ь. Compare -ель (-elʹ), -лый (-lyj). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*-lь|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-lь, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*-lь}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь, {{af|sla-pro|*-lъ|*-ь|nocat=1}} *-lъ + *-ь Head templates: {{head|ru|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|g=f}} -ль • (-lʹ) f Forms: -lʹ [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], -ль [nominative, singular], -ли [nominative, plural], -ли [genitive, singular], -лей [genitive, plural], -ли [dative, singular], -лям [dative, plural], -ль [accusative, singular], -ли [accusative, plural], -лью [instrumental, singular], -лями [instrumental, plural], -ли [prepositional, singular], -лях [plural, prepositional]
  1. Unproductive suffix forming action nouns Tags: morpheme Related terms: -ель (-elʹ), -аль (-alʹ), -лый (-lyj)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-lь",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-lь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-lь"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-lъ",
        "3": "*-ь",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*-lъ + *-ь",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь, from *-lъ + *-ь. Compare -ель (-elʹ), -лый (-lyj).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-lʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ль",
      "roman": "-lʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лей",
      "roman": "-lej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лям",
      "roman": "-ljam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ль",
      "roman": "-lʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лью",
      "roman": "-lʹju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лями",
      "roman": "-ljami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лях",
      "roman": "-ljax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ль • (-lʹ) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "порасти́ (porastí, “to grow shoots”) + -ль (-lʹ) → по́росль (póroslʹ, “shoots”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "прибы́ть (pribýtʹ, “to rise”) + -ль (-lʹ) → при́быль (príbylʹ, “rise, increase”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "уста́ть (ustátʹ, “to get tired”) + -ль (-lʹ) → у́сталь (ústalʹ, “fatigue”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Unproductive suffix forming action nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--ль-ru-suffix-KBXW96UB",
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "-elʹ",
          "word": "-ель"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-alʹ",
          "word": "-аль"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-lyj",
          "word": "-лый"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ль"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-lь",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-lь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-lь"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-lъ",
        "3": "*-ь",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*-lъ + *-ь",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lь, from *-lъ + *-ь. Compare -ель (-elʹ), -лый (-lyj).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-lʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ль",
      "roman": "-lʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лей",
      "roman": "-lej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лям",
      "roman": "-ljam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ль",
      "roman": "-lʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лью",
      "roman": "-lʹju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лями",
      "roman": "-ljami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ли",
      "roman": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-лях",
      "roman": "-ljax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ль • (-lʹ) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-elʹ",
      "word": "-ель"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-alʹ",
      "word": "-аль"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-lyj",
      "word": "-лый"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form accent-a nouns",
        "Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form nouns",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian feminine suffixes",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian noun-forming suffixes",
        "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
        "Russian suffixes",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "порасти́ (porastí, “to grow shoots”) + -ль (-lʹ) → по́росль (póroslʹ, “shoots”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "прибы́ть (pribýtʹ, “to rise”) + -ль (-lʹ) → при́быль (príbylʹ, “rise, increase”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "уста́ть (ustátʹ, “to get tired”) + -ль (-lʹ) → у́сталь (ústalʹ, “fatigue”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Unproductive suffix forming action nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ль"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ль meaning in Russian (3.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.