"надеяться" meaning in Russian

See надеяться in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [nɐˈdʲe(j)ɪt͡sə] Audio: Ru-надеяться.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę. By surface analysis, на- (na-) + де́ять (déjatʹ) + -ся (-sja). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*nadějati sę|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*nadějati sę}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę, {{surf|ru|на-|де́ять|-ся}} By surface analysis, на- (na-) + де́ять (déjatʹ) + -ся (-sja) Head templates: {{ru-verb|наде́яться|impf|pf=понаде́яться}} наде́яться • (nadéjatʹsja) impf (perfective понаде́яться) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|6a|наде́яться}} Forms: наде́яться [canonical], nadéjatʹsja [romanization], понаде́яться [perfective], imperfective [table-tags], наде́яться [imperfective, infinitive], наде́ющийся [active, participle, present], наде́явшийся [active, participle, past], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], наде́ясь [adverbial, participle, present], наде́явшись [adverbial, participle, past], наде́юсь [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду наде́яться [first-person, future, singular], наде́ешься [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь наде́яться [future, second-person, singular], наде́ется [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет наде́яться [future, singular, third-person], наде́емся [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем наде́яться [first-person, future, plural], наде́етесь [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете наде́яться [future, plural, second-person], наде́ются [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут наде́яться [future, plural, third-person], наде́йся [imperative, singular], наде́йтесь [imperative, plural], наде́ялся [masculine, past, singular], наде́ялись [masculine, past, plural], наде́ялась [feminine, past, singular], наде́ялись [feminine, past, plural], наде́ялось [neuter, past, singular], наде́ялись [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to hope
    Sense id: en-надеяться-ru-verb-Gq1PvyM1 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms prefixed with на-, Russian terms suffixed with -ся Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 61 39 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 81 19 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 83 17 Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with на-: 57 43 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ся: 82 18
  2. to rely
    Sense id: en-надеяться-ru-verb-70ylgHSc
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: наде́жда (nadéžda) [feminine], надёжный (nadjóžnyj)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "nattiissa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: nattiissa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: nattiissa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjd",
            "2": "на̄дҍедтэ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: на̄дҍедтэ (nād’’edte)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kildin Sami: на̄дҍедтэ (nād’’edte)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*nadějati sę",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*nadějati sę"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "на-",
        "3": "де́ять",
        "4": "-ся"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, на- (na-) + де́ять (déjatʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę. By surface analysis, на- (na-) + де́ять (déjatʹ) + -ся (-sja).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "наде́яться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nadéjatʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "понаде́яться",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6a imperfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́яться",
      "roman": "nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ющийся",
      "roman": "nadéjuščijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́явшийся",
      "roman": "nadéjavšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ясь",
      "roman": "nadéjasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́явшись",
      "roman": "nadéjavšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́юсь",
      "roman": "nadéjusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdu nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ешься",
      "roman": "nadéješʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdešʹ nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ется",
      "roman": "nadéjetsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdet nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́емся",
      "roman": "nadéjemsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdem nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́етесь",
      "roman": "nadéjetesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdete nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ются",
      "roman": "nadéjutsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdut nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́йся",
      "roman": "nadéjsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́йтесь",
      "roman": "nadéjtesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялся",
      "roman": "nadéjalsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялись",
      "roman": "nadéjalisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялась",
      "roman": "nadéjalasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялись",
      "roman": "nadéjalisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялось",
      "roman": "nadéjalosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялись",
      "roman": "nadéjalisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "наде́яться",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "понаде́яться"
      },
      "expansion": "наде́яться • (nadéjatʹsja) impf (perfective понаде́яться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "6a",
        "3": "наде́яться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nadéžda",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "наде́жда"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nadjóžnyj",
      "word": "надёжный"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "61 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with на-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to hope for a hint",
          "roman": "nadéjatʹsja na podskázku",
          "text": "наде́яться на подска́зку",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hope"
      ],
      "id": "en-надеяться-ru-verb-Gq1PvyM1",
      "links": [
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to rely on support",
          "roman": "nadéjatʹsja na poddéržku",
          "text": "наде́яться на подде́ржку",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rely"
      ],
      "id": "en-надеяться-ru-verb-70ylgHSc",
      "links": [
        [
          "rely",
          "rely"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɐˈdʲe(j)ɪt͡sə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-надеяться.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Ru-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.ogg/Ru-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ru-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "надеяться"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 4-syllable words",
    "Russian class 6 verbs",
    "Russian class 6a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian imperfective verbs",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian reflexive verbs",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms prefixed with на-",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "nattiissa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: nattiissa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: nattiissa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjd",
            "2": "на̄дҍедтэ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: на̄дҍедтэ (nād’’edte)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kildin Sami: на̄дҍедтэ (nād’’edte)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*nadějati sę",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*nadějati sę"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "на-",
        "3": "де́ять",
        "4": "-ся"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, на- (na-) + де́ять (déjatʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadějati sę. By surface analysis, на- (na-) + де́ять (déjatʹ) + -ся (-sja).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "наде́яться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nadéjatʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "понаде́яться",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6a imperfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́яться",
      "roman": "nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ющийся",
      "roman": "nadéjuščijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́явшийся",
      "roman": "nadéjavšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ясь",
      "roman": "nadéjasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́явшись",
      "roman": "nadéjavšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́юсь",
      "roman": "nadéjusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdu nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ешься",
      "roman": "nadéješʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdešʹ nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ется",
      "roman": "nadéjetsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdet nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́емся",
      "roman": "nadéjemsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdem nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́етесь",
      "roman": "nadéjetesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdete nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ются",
      "roman": "nadéjutsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут наде́яться",
      "roman": "búdut nadéjatʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́йся",
      "roman": "nadéjsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́йтесь",
      "roman": "nadéjtesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялся",
      "roman": "nadéjalsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялись",
      "roman": "nadéjalisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялась",
      "roman": "nadéjalasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялись",
      "roman": "nadéjalisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялось",
      "roman": "nadéjalosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "наде́ялись",
      "roman": "nadéjalisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "наде́яться",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "понаде́яться"
      },
      "expansion": "наде́яться • (nadéjatʹsja) impf (perfective понаде́яться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "6a",
        "3": "наде́яться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "nadéžda",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "наде́жда"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nadjóžnyj",
      "word": "надёжный"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to hope for a hint",
          "roman": "nadéjatʹsja na podskázku",
          "text": "наде́яться на подска́зку",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hope"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to rely on support",
          "roman": "nadéjatʹsja na poddéržku",
          "text": "наде́яться на подде́ржку",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rely"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rely",
          "rely"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nɐˈdʲe(j)ɪt͡sə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-надеяться.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Ru-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.ogg/Ru-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ru-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "надеяться"
}

Download raw JSONL data for надеяться meaning in Russian (7.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.