See кто in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "koje-któ",
"word": "кое-кто́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "któ-libo",
"word": "кто́-либо"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "któ-nibudʹ",
"word": "кто́-нибудь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "któ-to",
"word": "кто́-то"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nékto",
"word": "не́кто"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nékovo",
"word": "не́кого"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "niktó",
"word": "никто́"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷe-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "къто",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic къто (kŭto)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "къто"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic къто (kŭto)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kъto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъto",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷís",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic къто (kŭto), from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кто́",
"roman": "któ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кому́",
"roman": "komú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ке́м",
"roman": "kém",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ко́м",
"roman": "kóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кто́",
"roman": "któ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кому́",
"roman": "komú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кѣ́мъ",
"roman": "kě́m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ко́мъ",
"roman": "kóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хто",
"roman": "xto",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"nonstandard",
"regional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "кто • (kto) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Who’s this?",
"roman": "Kto éto?",
"text": "Кто э́то?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"english": "I don’t know who did this.",
"roman": "Ja ne znáju, kto éto sdélal.",
"text": "Я не зна́ю, кто э́то сде́лал.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-кто-ru-pron-btAzcUC9",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) who"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "The one who did it.",
"roman": "Tot, kto éto sdélal.",
"text": "Тот, кто э́то сде́лал.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-кто-ru-pron-btAzcUC91",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) who"
],
"tags": [
"relative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kto]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кто.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "[xto]",
"note": "South-European Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, nonstandard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-o"
}
],
"word": "кто"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Russian/o",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian pronouns",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷe-",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "koje-któ",
"word": "кое-кто́"
},
{
"roman": "któ-libo",
"word": "кто́-либо"
},
{
"roman": "któ-nibudʹ",
"word": "кто́-нибудь"
},
{
"roman": "któ-to",
"word": "кто́-то"
},
{
"roman": "nékto",
"word": "не́кто"
},
{
"roman": "nékovo",
"word": "не́кого"
},
{
"roman": "niktó",
"word": "никто́"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷe-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "къто",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic къто (kŭto)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "къто"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic къто (kŭto)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kъto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъto",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷís",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic къто (kŭto), from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кто́",
"roman": "któ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кому́",
"roman": "komú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ке́м",
"roman": "kém",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ко́м",
"roman": "kóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кто́",
"roman": "któ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кому́",
"roman": "komú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кого́",
"roman": "kovó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кѣ́мъ",
"roman": "kě́m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ко́мъ",
"roman": "kóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хто",
"roman": "xto",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"nonstandard",
"regional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "кто • (kto) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Who’s this?",
"roman": "Kto éto?",
"text": "Кто э́то?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"english": "I don’t know who did this.",
"roman": "Ja ne znáju, kto éto sdélal.",
"text": "Я не зна́ю, кто э́то сде́лал.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) who"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "The one who did it.",
"roman": "Tot, kto éto sdélal.",
"text": "Тот, кто э́то сде́лал.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) who"
],
"tags": [
"relative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kto]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кто.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "[xto]",
"note": "South-European Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, nonstandard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-o"
}
],
"word": "кто"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кто meaning in Russian (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.