"костыль" meaning in Russian

See костыль in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [kɐˈstɨlʲ] Audio: Ru-костыль.ogg
Rhymes: -ɨlʲ Etymology: кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ). Compare Polish kostur, koścień. For the word formation with suffix -ы́ль (-ýlʹ) compare горбы́ль (gorbýlʹ) from горб (gorb). Also compare моты́ль (motýlʹ), ковы́ль (kovýlʹ). Etymology templates: {{suffix|ru|кость|ы́ль|t1=bone}} кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ), {{cog|pl|kostur}} Polish kostur Head templates: {{ru-noun+|b||m|adj=косты́льный}} косты́ль • (kostýlʹ) m inan (genitive костыля́, nominative plural костыли́, genitive plural костыле́й, relational adjective косты́льный) Forms: косты́ль [canonical], kostýlʹ [romanization], костыля́ [genitive], костыли́ [nominative, plural], костыле́й [genitive, plural], косты́льный [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], косты́ль [nominative, singular], костыли́ [nominative, plural], костыля́ [genitive, singular], костыле́й [genitive, plural], костылю́ [dative, singular], костыля́м [dative, plural], косты́ль [accusative, singular], костыли́ [accusative, plural], костылём [instrumental, singular], костыля́ми [instrumental, plural], костыле́ [prepositional, singular], костыля́х [plural, prepositional]
  1. crutch
    Sense id: en-костыль-ru-noun-dKvYwVhw
  2. (rail transport) rail spike
    Sense id: en-костыль-ru-noun-Nbz4xVQW Categories (other): Rail transportation, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern b, Russian terms suffixed with -ыль Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 76 10 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 77 10 10 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 4 55 19 22 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 6 44 25 25 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 6 53 19 23 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern b: 18 51 16 15 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ыль: 11 61 17 11 Topics: rail-transport, railways, transport
  3. (aviation) tail skid
    Sense id: en-костыль-ru-noun-HMmMjFrK Categories (other): Aviation Topics: aeronautics, aerospace, aviation, business, engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  4. (programming slang) kludge, workaround, hack Tags: slang
    Sense id: en-костыль-ru-noun-nOHJUgGV Categories (other): Programming Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, programming, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: костыля́ть (kostyljátʹ) [imperfective], накостыля́ть (nakostyljátʹ) [perfective]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kostyljátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "костыля́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nakostyljátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "накостыля́ть"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "кость",
        "3": "ы́ль",
        "t1": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kostur"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kostur",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ). Compare Polish kostur, koścień.\nFor the word formation with suffix -ы́ль (-ýlʹ) compare горбы́ль (gorbýlʹ) from горб (gorb). Also compare моты́ль (motýlʹ), ковы́ль (kovýlʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "косты́ль",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kostýlʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыли́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыле́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "косты́льный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "косты́ль",
      "roman": "kostýlʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыли́",
      "roman": "kostylí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́",
      "roman": "kostyljá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыле́й",
      "roman": "kostyléj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костылю́",
      "roman": "kostyljú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́м",
      "roman": "kostyljám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "косты́ль",
      "roman": "kostýlʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыли́",
      "roman": "kostylí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костылём",
      "roman": "kostyljóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́ми",
      "roman": "kostyljámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыле́",
      "roman": "kostylé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́х",
      "roman": "kostyljáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "",
        "3": "m",
        "adj": "косты́льный"
      },
      "expansion": "косты́ль • (kostýlʹ) m inan (genitive костыля́, nominative plural костыли́, genitive plural костыле́й, relational adjective косты́льный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "crutch"
      ],
      "id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-dKvYwVhw",
      "links": [
        [
          "crutch",
          "crutch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Rail transportation",
          "orig": "ru:Rail transportation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 76 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 77 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 55 19 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 44 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 53 19 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 51 16 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 61 17 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ыль",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rail spike"
      ],
      "id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-Nbz4xVQW",
      "links": [
        [
          "rail transport",
          "rail transport"
        ],
        [
          "rail spike",
          "rail spike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rail transport) rail spike"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "rail-transport",
        "railways",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Aviation",
          "orig": "ru:Aviation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tail skid"
      ],
      "id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-HMmMjFrK",
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "tail skid",
          "tail skid"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) tail skid"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Programming",
          "orig": "ru:Programming",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kludge, workaround, hack"
      ],
      "id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-nOHJUgGV",
      "links": [
        [
          "programming",
          "programming#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "kludge",
          "kludge"
        ],
        [
          "workaround",
          "workaround"
        ],
        [
          "hack",
          "hack"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(programming slang) kludge, workaround, hack"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "programming",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐˈstɨlʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-костыль.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨlʲ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:костыль"
  ],
  "word": "костыль"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Russian/ɨlʲ",
    "Rhymes:Russian/ɨlʲ/2 syllables",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
    "Russian soft-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
    "Russian soft-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ыль",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kostyljátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "костыля́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nakostyljátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "накостыля́ть"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "кость",
        "3": "ы́ль",
        "t1": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kostur"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kostur",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ). Compare Polish kostur, koścień.\nFor the word formation with suffix -ы́ль (-ýlʹ) compare горбы́ль (gorbýlʹ) from горб (gorb). Also compare моты́ль (motýlʹ), ковы́ль (kovýlʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "косты́ль",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kostýlʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыли́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыле́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "косты́льный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "косты́ль",
      "roman": "kostýlʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыли́",
      "roman": "kostylí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́",
      "roman": "kostyljá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыле́й",
      "roman": "kostyléj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костылю́",
      "roman": "kostyljú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́м",
      "roman": "kostyljám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "косты́ль",
      "roman": "kostýlʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыли́",
      "roman": "kostylí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костылём",
      "roman": "kostyljóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́ми",
      "roman": "kostyljámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыле́",
      "roman": "kostylé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "костыля́х",
      "roman": "kostyljáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "",
        "3": "m",
        "adj": "косты́льный"
      },
      "expansion": "косты́ль • (kostýlʹ) m inan (genitive костыля́, nominative plural костыли́, genitive plural костыле́й, relational adjective косты́льный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "crutch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crutch",
          "crutch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Rail transportation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rail spike"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rail transport",
          "rail transport"
        ],
        [
          "rail spike",
          "rail spike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rail transport) rail spike"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "rail-transport",
        "railways",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Aviation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tail skid"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "tail skid",
          "tail skid"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) tail skid"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian slang",
        "ru:Programming"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kludge, workaround, hack"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "programming",
          "programming#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "kludge",
          "kludge"
        ],
        [
          "workaround",
          "workaround"
        ],
        [
          "hack",
          "hack"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(programming slang) kludge, workaround, hack"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "programming",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐˈstɨlʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-костыль.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨlʲ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:костыль"
  ],
  "word": "костыль"
}

Download raw JSONL data for костыль meaning in Russian (5.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.