See костыль on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kostyljátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "костыля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nakostyljátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "накостыля́ть"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кость",
"3": "ы́ль",
"t1": "bone"
},
"expansion": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kostur"
},
"expansion": "Polish kostur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ). Compare Polish kostur, koścień.\nFor the word formation with suffix -ы́ль (-ýlʹ) compare горбы́ль (gorbýlʹ) from горб (gorb). Also compare моты́ль (motýlʹ), ковы́ль (kovýlʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "косты́ль",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kostýlʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "костыли́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костыле́й",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "косты́льный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "soft-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "косты́ль",
"roman": "kostýlʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыли́",
"roman": "kostylí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́",
"roman": "kostyljá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыле́й",
"roman": "kostyléj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костылю́",
"roman": "kostyljú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́м",
"roman": "kostyljám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "косты́ль",
"roman": "kostýlʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыли́",
"roman": "kostylí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костылём",
"roman": "kostyljóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́ми",
"roman": "kostyljámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костыле́",
"roman": "kostylé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́х",
"roman": "kostyljáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "",
"3": "m",
"adj": "косты́льный"
},
"expansion": "косты́ль • (kostýlʹ) m inan (genitive костыля́, nominative plural костыли́, genitive plural костыле́й, relational adjective косты́льный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-dKvYwVhw",
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "ru:Rail transportation",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 69 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 77 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 63 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 59 21 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 64 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ыль",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rail spike"
],
"id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-Nbz4xVQW",
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"rail spike",
"rail spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport) rail spike"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Aviation",
"orig": "ru:Aviation",
"parents": [
"Aeronautics",
"Transport",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tail skid"
],
"id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-HMmMjFrK",
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"tail skid",
"tail skid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) tail skid"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Programming",
"orig": "ru:Programming",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Software engineering",
"Technology",
"Computer science",
"Engineering",
"Software",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Media",
"Fundamental",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kludge, workaround, hack"
],
"id": "en-костыль-ru-noun-nOHJUgGV",
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"kludge",
"kludge"
],
[
"workaround",
"workaround"
],
[
"hack",
"hack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming slang) kludge, workaround, hack"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈstɨlʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-костыль.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨlʲ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ru:костыль"
],
"word": "костыль"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Russian/ɨlʲ",
"Rhymes:Russian/ɨlʲ/2 syllables",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Russian soft-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Russian soft-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian terms suffixed with -ыль",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kostyljátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "костыля́ть"
},
{
"roman": "nakostyljátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "накостыля́ть"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кость",
"3": "ы́ль",
"t1": "bone"
},
"expansion": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kostur"
},
"expansion": "Polish kostur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "кость (kostʹ, “bone”) + -ы́ль (-ýlʹ). Compare Polish kostur, koścień.\nFor the word formation with suffix -ы́ль (-ýlʹ) compare горбы́ль (gorbýlʹ) from горб (gorb). Also compare моты́ль (motýlʹ), ковы́ль (kovýlʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "косты́ль",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kostýlʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "костыли́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костыле́й",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "косты́льный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "soft-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "косты́ль",
"roman": "kostýlʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыли́",
"roman": "kostylí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́",
"roman": "kostyljá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыле́й",
"roman": "kostyléj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костылю́",
"roman": "kostyljú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́м",
"roman": "kostyljám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "косты́ль",
"roman": "kostýlʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыли́",
"roman": "kostylí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костылём",
"roman": "kostyljóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́ми",
"roman": "kostyljámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "костыле́",
"roman": "kostylé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "костыля́х",
"roman": "kostyljáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "",
"3": "m",
"adj": "косты́льный"
},
"expansion": "косты́ль • (kostýlʹ) m inan (genitive костыля́, nominative plural костыли́, genitive plural костыле́й, relational adjective косты́льный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Rail transportation"
],
"glosses": [
"rail spike"
],
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"rail spike",
"rail spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport) rail spike"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Aviation"
],
"glosses": [
"tail skid"
],
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"tail skid",
"tail skid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) tail skid"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian slang",
"ru:Programming"
],
"glosses": [
"kludge, workaround, hack"
],
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"kludge",
"kludge"
],
[
"workaround",
"workaround"
],
[
"hack",
"hack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming slang) kludge, workaround, hack"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈstɨlʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-костыль.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨlʲ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ru:костыль"
],
"word": "костыль"
}
Download raw JSONL data for костыль meaning in All languages combined (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.