"cal" meaning in Romanian

See cal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kal/ Audio: LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav , LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-cal.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), probably of Gaulish [Term?] origin or from something further east, such as a Scythian and ultimately Proto-Iranian [Term?] origin. The Romanian word likely went through an earlier hypothetical form *căal or *caual. Compare Aromanian cal. Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ro|la-lat|caballus||horse|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Late Latin caballus (“horse”), {{inh+|ro|la-lat|caballus||horse}} Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), {{inh|ro|la|caballus||pack horse}} Latin caballus (“pack horse”), {{der|ro|cel-gau}} Gaulish [Term?], {{der|ro|ira-pro}} Proto-Iranian [Term?], {{cog|rup|cal}} Aromanian cal Head templates: {{ro-noun|m|cai}} cal m (plural cai) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun|gpd=cailor|gpi=cai|gsd=calului|gsi=cal|n=|npd=caii|npi=cai|nsd=calul|nsi=cal|vp=cailor|vs=calule|vs2=}} Forms: cai [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], cal [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], calul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], cai [accusative, indefinite, nominative, plural], caii [accusative, definite, nominative, plural], cal [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], calului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], cai [dative, genitive, indefinite, plural], cailor [dative, definite, genitive, plural], calule [singular, vocative], cailor [plural, vocative]
  1. horse Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-cal-ro-noun-~WKGK23C Categories (other): Horses Disambiguation of Horses: 88 12
  2. (chess) knight Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-cal-ro-noun-zh2AHRUt Categories (other): Chess, Romanian entries with incorrect language header, Chess Disambiguation of Romanian entries with incorrect language header: 9 91 Disambiguation of Chess: 0 100 Topics: board-games, chess, games
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: călare, încăleca

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "caballus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "horse",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin caballus (“horse”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "caballus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "horse"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "caballus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pack horse"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin caballus (“pack horse”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "cel-gau"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish [Term?]",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "ira-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian [Term?]",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rup",
        "2": "cal"
      },
      "expansion": "Aromanian cal",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), probably of Gaulish [Term?] origin or from something further east, such as a Scythian and ultimately Proto-Iranian [Term?] origin. The Romanian word likely went through an earlier hypothetical form *căal or *caual. Compare Aromanian cal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cai",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "caii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cailor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cailor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "cai"
      },
      "expansion": "cal m (plural cai)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gpd": "cailor",
        "gpi": "cai",
        "gsd": "calului",
        "gsi": "cal",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "caii",
        "npi": "cai",
        "nsd": "calul",
        "nsi": "cal",
        "vp": "cailor",
        "vs": "calule",
        "vs2": ""
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "călare"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "încăleca"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ro",
          "name": "Horses",
          "orig": "ro:Horses",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "horse"
      ],
      "id": "en-cal-ro-noun-~WKGK23C",
      "links": [
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ro",
          "name": "Chess",
          "orig": "ro:Chess",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ro",
          "name": "Chess",
          "orig": "ro:Chess",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "knight"
      ],
      "id": "en-cal-ro-noun-zh2AHRUt",
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "knight",
          "knight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chess) knight"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kal/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cal.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-cal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 21 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Romanian countable nouns",
    "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Romanian lemmas",
    "Romanian masculine nouns",
    "Romanian nouns",
    "Romanian terms derived from Gaulish",
    "Romanian terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Romanian terms derived from Latin",
    "Romanian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Romanian terms inherited from Late Latin",
    "Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
    "ro:Chess",
    "ro:Horses"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "caballus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "horse",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin caballus (“horse”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "caballus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "horse"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "caballus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pack horse"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin caballus (“pack horse”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "cel-gau"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish [Term?]",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "ira-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian [Term?]",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rup",
        "2": "cal"
      },
      "expansion": "Aromanian cal",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), probably of Gaulish [Term?] origin or from something further east, such as a Scythian and ultimately Proto-Iranian [Term?] origin. The Romanian word likely went through an earlier hypothetical form *căal or *caual. Compare Aromanian cal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cai",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "caii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cailor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "calule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cailor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "cai"
      },
      "expansion": "cal m (plural cai)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gpd": "cailor",
        "gpi": "cai",
        "gsd": "calului",
        "gsi": "cal",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "caii",
        "npi": "cai",
        "nsd": "calul",
        "nsi": "cal",
        "vp": "cailor",
        "vs": "calule",
        "vs2": ""
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "călare"
    },
    {
      "word": "încăleca"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "horse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ro:Chess"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "knight"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "knight",
          "knight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chess) knight"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "ipa": "/kal/"
    },
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    },
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    }
  ],
  "word": "cal"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cal meaning in Romanian (4.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Romanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.