See شام in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "bor",
"3": "fa-cls>شَام>dinner",
"id": "evening",
"text": "+",
"tree": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷséps\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšápā\nProto-Iranian *xšápā\nProto-Iranian *-yah\nProto-Iranian *xšáfnyah\nClassical Persian شَام (šām)bor.\nPunjabi شام (śām)\nBorrowed from Classical Persian شَام (šām).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷséps\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšápā\nProto-Iranian *xšápā\nProto-Iranian *-yah\nProto-Iranian *xšáfnyah\nClassical Persian شَام (šām)bor.\nPunjabi شام (śām)\nBorrowed from Classical Persian شَام (šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ਸ਼ਾਮ",
"tags": [
"Gurmukhi"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "śām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شاماں",
"roman": "śāmāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "śām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شاماں",
"roman": "śāmāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شامے",
"roman": "śāme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "شامو",
"roman": "śāmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "شاموں",
"roman": "śāmoṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شاماں",
"roman": "śāmāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شامی",
"roman": "śāmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شامِیں",
"roman": "śāmīṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شامِیں",
"roman": "śāmīṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شامے",
"roman": "śāme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gur": "ਸ਼ਾਮ",
"head": "شام"
},
"expansion": "شام • (śām) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਮ)",
"name": "pa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:pnb-noun-f-c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi nouns with declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pa",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "pa:Time",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evening, night"
],
"id": "en-شام-pa-noun-qWLKbI3Q",
"links": [
[
"evening",
"evening"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃäːm/",
"note": "Standard Punjabi"
}
],
"word": "شام"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ش م ل"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "شام",
"t": "Greater Syria; Levant",
"tr": "šām"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ar",
"3": "الشَّام",
"4": "",
"5": "Levant; Damascus"
},
"expansion": "Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "شام"
},
"expansion": "شام • (śām) m",
"name": "pa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pa",
"name": "Countries in Asia",
"orig": "pa:Countries in Asia",
"parents": [
"Countries",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pa",
"name": "Syria",
"orig": "pa:Syria",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)"
],
"id": "en-شام-pa-name-anALnJhD",
"links": [
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English:_Q858"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"West Asia",
"West Asia#English"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pa",
"name": "Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"orig": "pa:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 90 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 60 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pa",
"name": "Times of day",
"orig": "pa:Times of day",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"id": "en-شام-pa-name-5e3OgZ78",
"links": [
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English:_Q81483"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Mediterranean",
"Mediterranean"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria"
],
[
"Lebanon",
"Lebanon"
],
[
"Israel",
"Israel"
],
[
"Palestine",
"Palestine"
],
[
"Jordan",
"Jordan"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃäːm/",
"note": "Standard Punjabi"
}
],
"word": "شام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:pnb-noun-f-c",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Punjabi entries with etymology texts",
"Punjabi entries with etymology trees",
"Punjabi entries with incorrect language header",
"Punjabi feminine nouns",
"Punjabi lemmas",
"Punjabi masculine nouns",
"Punjabi nouns",
"Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script",
"Punjabi nouns with declension",
"Punjabi proper nouns",
"Punjabi proper nouns in Shahmukhi script",
"Punjabi terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Punjabi terms derived from Arabic",
"Punjabi terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Punjabi terms derived from the Arabic root ش م ل",
"Punjabi terms with redundant head parameter",
"pa:Time",
"pa:Times of day"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "bor",
"3": "fa-cls>شَام>dinner",
"id": "evening",
"text": "+",
"tree": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷséps\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšápā\nProto-Iranian *xšápā\nProto-Iranian *-yah\nProto-Iranian *xšáfnyah\nClassical Persian شَام (šām)bor.\nPunjabi شام (śām)\nBorrowed from Classical Persian شَام (šām).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷséps\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšápā\nProto-Iranian *xšápā\nProto-Iranian *-yah\nProto-Iranian *xšáfnyah\nClassical Persian شَام (šām)bor.\nPunjabi شام (śām)\nBorrowed from Classical Persian شَام (šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ਸ਼ਾਮ",
"tags": [
"Gurmukhi"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "śām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شاماں",
"roman": "śāmāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "śām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شاماں",
"roman": "śāmāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شامے",
"roman": "śāme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "شامو",
"roman": "śāmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "شاموں",
"roman": "śāmoṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شاماں",
"roman": "śāmāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شامی",
"roman": "śāmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شامِیں",
"roman": "śāmīṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "شامِیں",
"roman": "śāmīṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "شامے",
"roman": "śāme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gur": "ਸ਼ਾਮ",
"head": "شام"
},
"expansion": "شام • (śām) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਮ)",
"name": "pa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evening, night"
],
"links": [
[
"evening",
"evening"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃäːm/",
"note": "Standard Punjabi"
}
],
"word": "شام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Punjabi entries with incorrect language header",
"Punjabi lemmas",
"Punjabi masculine nouns",
"Punjabi proper nouns",
"Punjabi proper nouns in Shahmukhi script",
"Punjabi terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Punjabi terms derived from Arabic",
"Punjabi terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Punjabi terms derived from the Arabic root ش م ل",
"Punjabi terms with redundant head parameter",
"pa:Time",
"pa:Times of day"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ش م ل"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "شام",
"t": "Greater Syria; Levant",
"tr": "šām"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ar",
"3": "الشَّام",
"4": "",
"5": "Levant; Damascus"
},
"expansion": "Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "شام"
},
"expansion": "شام • (śām) m",
"name": "pa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pa:Countries in Asia",
"pa:Syria"
],
"glosses": [
"Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)"
],
"links": [
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English:_Q858"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"West Asia",
"West Asia#English"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pa:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"links": [
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English:_Q81483"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Mediterranean",
"Mediterranean"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria"
],
[
"Lebanon",
"Lebanon"
],
[
"Israel",
"Israel"
],
[
"Palestine",
"Palestine"
],
[
"Jordan",
"Jordan"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃäːm/",
"note": "Standard Punjabi"
}
],
"word": "شام"
}
Download raw JSONL data for شام meaning in Punjabi (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"شام"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "شام",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"شام"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "شام",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"شام",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "شام",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"شام",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "شام",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Punjabi dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.