See wōl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wōl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: wōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: wōl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: wōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: wōl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wuol"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: wuol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: wuol"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wōlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wōlaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"ger": "1",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "vṛddhi gerundive",
"name": "vrd"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₃-",
"t": "to hit, to strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, to strike”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Germanic *wōlaz, possible nominalization of otherwise unattested *wōliz (“disastrous, ruined”), vṛddhi gerundive of unattested *wal(j)aną (“to divistate, ruin”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, to strike”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wōl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wōl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wōlijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disaster, ruin"
],
"id": "en-wōl-gmw-pro-noun-osak0346",
"links": [
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wōl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "wōlijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wōl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: wōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: wōl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: wōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: wōl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wuol"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: wuol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: wuol"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wōlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wōlaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"ger": "1",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "vṛddhi gerundive",
"name": "vrd"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₃-",
"t": "to hit, to strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, to strike”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Germanic *wōlaz, possible nominalization of otherwise unattested *wōliz (“disastrous, ruined”), vṛddhi gerundive of unattested *wal(j)aną (“to divistate, ruin”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, to strike”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wōl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wōl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welh₃-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"disaster, ruin"
],
"links": [
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wōl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wōl meaning in Proto-West Germanic (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (5d527b9 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.