"wōlijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See wōlijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Unclear, could be derived from *wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan, or from the same root as *wellan (“to toss, turn”) with a different ablaut grade. Etymology templates: {{affix|gmw-pro|*wōl|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=disaster}} *wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *wōlijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], wōlijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], wōlijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], wōlijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], wōlijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], wōliju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], wōlidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], wōlisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], wōlidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], wōlidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], wōliþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], wōlidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], wōlidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], wōlijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], wōlidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], wōliþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], wōlidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], wōlijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], wōlidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], wōlijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], wōlidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], wōlijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], wōlidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], wōlijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], wōlidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], wōlijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], wōlidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], wōlijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], wōlidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], wōlijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], wōlidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], wōli [class-1, present, singular, weak], wōliþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], wōlijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], wōlid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to toss, to turn Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wōlijan-gmw-pro-verb-piGmHq6u
  2. to ruin, to destroy Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wōlijan-gmw-pro-verb-3hgIFkjc Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 43 57 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 77 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 24 76 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 13 87
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "wōlian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: wōlian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: wōlian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "wōlen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: wōlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: wōlen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*wuolen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *wuolen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *wuolen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "woelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: woelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: woelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "woelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: woelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: woelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "wuolen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: wuolen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: wuolen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "wüelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: wüelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: wüelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "büulan"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: büulan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: büulan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "wühlen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: wühlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: wühlen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "wullen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: wullen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: wullen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*wōl",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "disaster"
      },
      "expansion": "*wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unclear, could be derived from *wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan, or from the same root as *wellan (“to toss, turn”) with a different ablaut grade.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōli",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*wōlijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wōlijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to toss, to turn"
      ],
      "id": "en-wōlijan-gmw-pro-verb-piGmHq6u",
      "links": [
        [
          "toss",
          "toss"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to ruin, to destroy"
      ],
      "id": "en-wōlijan-gmw-pro-verb-3hgIFkjc",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wōlijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "wōlian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: wōlian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: wōlian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "wōlen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: wōlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: wōlen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*wuolen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *wuolen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *wuolen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "woelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: woelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: woelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "woelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: woelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: woelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "wuolen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: wuolen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: wuolen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "wüelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: wüelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: wüelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "büulan"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: büulan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: büulan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "wühlen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: wühlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: wühlen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "wullen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: wullen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: wullen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*wōl",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "disaster"
      },
      "expansion": "*wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unclear, could be derived from *wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan, or from the same root as *wellan (“to toss, turn”) with a different ablaut grade.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōli",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōliþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōlid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*wōlijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wōlijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to toss, to turn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "toss",
          "toss"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to ruin, to destroy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wōlijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for wōlijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.