"troggalōn" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See troggalōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *troggōn, *trokōn + *-lōn. Etymology templates: {{root|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*dʰrewgʰ-|id=deceive}}, {{af|gmw-pro|*trokōn|*-lōn}} *trokōn + *-lōn Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *troggalōn Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk2}} Forms: weak [table-tags], troggalōn [infinitive], troggalōnijas [genitive, infinitive], troggalōnijē [dative, infinitive], troggalōniju [infinitive, instrumental], troggalō [first-person, present, singular], troggalōdā [first-person, past, singular], troggalōs [present, second-person, singular], troggalōdēs [past, second-person, singular], troggalōdōs [past, second-person, singular], troggalōþ [present, singular, third-person], troggalōdē [past, singular, third-person], troggalōdā [past, singular, third-person], troggalōm [first-person, plural, present], troggalōdum [first-person, past, plural], troggalōþ [plural, present, second-person], troggalōdud [past, plural, second-person], troggalōnþ [plural, present, third-person], troggalōdun [past, plural, third-person], troggalōdī [first-person, past, singular], troggalōdī [past, second-person, singular], troggalō [present, singular, third-person], troggalōdī [past, singular, third-person], troggalōdīm [first-person, past, plural], troggalōdīd [past, plural, second-person], troggalōn [plural, present, third-person], troggalōdīn [past, plural, third-person], troggalō [present, singular], troggalōþ [plural, present], troggalōndī [participle, present], troggalōd [participle, past]
  1. (frequentative) to cheat, deceive Tags: frequentative, reconstruction

Download JSON data for troggalōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*troggalōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *troggalōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *troggalōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "troggelen",
            "3": "truggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: troggelen, truggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: troggelen, truggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "truggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: truggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: truggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "trygle",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: trygle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: trygle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "trygla",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: trygla",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: trygla (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "trygla",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: trygla",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: trygla (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*troggalōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *troggalōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *troggalōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "troggelen",
            "3": "trōgelen",
            "4": "truggelen",
            "5": "truglen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: troggelen, trōgelen, truggelen, truglen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: troggelen, trōgelen, truggelen, truglen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "troggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: troggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: troggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*troggalōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *troggalōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *troggalōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "*troggelen",
            "3": "*truggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: *troggelen, *truggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: *troggelen, *truggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "truggeln"
          },
          "expansion": "German: truggeln",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: truggeln (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
        "id": "deceive"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*trokōn",
        "3": "*-lōn"
      },
      "expansion": "*trokōn + *-lōn",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *troggōn, *trokōn + *-lōn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōnijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōniju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōnþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōndī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*troggalōn",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/troggalōn",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-lōn",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cheat, deceive"
      ],
      "id": "en-troggalōn-gmw-pro-verb-H0yfug78",
      "links": [
        [
          "cheat",
          "cheat"
        ],
        [
          "deceive",
          "deceive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(frequentative) to cheat, deceive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "frequentative",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "troggalōn"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*troggalōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *troggalōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *troggalōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "troggelen",
            "3": "truggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: troggelen, truggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: troggelen, truggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "truggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: truggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: truggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "trygle",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: trygle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: trygle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "trygla",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: trygla",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: trygla (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "trygla",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: trygla",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: trygla (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*troggalōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *troggalōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *troggalōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "troggelen",
            "3": "trōgelen",
            "4": "truggelen",
            "5": "truglen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: troggelen, trōgelen, truggelen, truglen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: troggelen, trōgelen, truggelen, truglen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "troggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: troggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: troggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*troggalōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *troggalōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *troggalōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "*troggelen",
            "3": "*truggelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: *troggelen, *truggelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: *troggelen, *truggelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "truggeln"
          },
          "expansion": "German: truggeln",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: truggeln (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
        "id": "deceive"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*trokōn",
        "3": "*-lōn"
      },
      "expansion": "*trokōn + *-lōn",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *troggōn, *trokōn + *-lōn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōnijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōniju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōnþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōndī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troggalōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*troggalōn",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/troggalōn",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic frequentative verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-lōn",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Cheating"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cheat, deceive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cheat",
          "cheat"
        ],
        [
          "deceive",
          "deceive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(frequentative) to cheat, deceive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "frequentative",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "troggalōn"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.