See swīgēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for swīgēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swīgian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: swīgian, swīgan, swigian, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian\nMiddle English: swīen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: swīgian, swīgan, swigian, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian\nMiddle English: swīen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "swīgia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: swīgia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: swīgia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swije"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: swije",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: swije"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "swīgon"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: swīgon\nMiddle Low German: swîgen\nLow German: swiegen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: swīgon\nMiddle Low German: swîgen\nLow German: swiegen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*swīgon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *swīgon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *swīgon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "swigen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: swigen\nDutch: zwijgen\nLimburgish: zwiege",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: swigen\nDutch: zwijgen\nLimburgish: zwiege"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swīgēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: swīgēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: swīgēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "swīgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: swīgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: swīgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "schwijje",
"3": "schweie"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: schwijje, schweie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: schwijje, schweie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schweigen"
},
"expansion": "German: schweigen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schweigen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שווײַגן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: שווײַגן (shvaygn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: שווײַגן (shvaygn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swīgī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "silent"
},
"expansion": "*swīgī (“silent”) + *-ēn",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *swīgā (“silence”) or *swīgī (“silent”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*swīgēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swīgēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old English: swīgung",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "swiʒunge"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: swīgung",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "swiʒunga"
},
{
"sense": "*swīgung; Old High German",
"word": "swīgunga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be silent"
],
"id": "en-swīgēn-gmw-pro-verb-KEUXzljz",
"links": [
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "swaigijan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stillēn"
},
{
"word": "*þagēn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swīgēn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old English: swīgung",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "swiʒunge"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: swīgung",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "swiʒunga"
},
{
"sense": "*swīgung; Old High German",
"word": "swīgunga"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swīgian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: swīgian, swīgan, swigian, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian\nMiddle English: swīen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: swīgian, swīgan, swigian, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian\nMiddle English: swīen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "swīgia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: swīgia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: swīgia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swije"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: swije",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: swije"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "swīgon"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: swīgon\nMiddle Low German: swîgen\nLow German: swiegen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: swīgon\nMiddle Low German: swîgen\nLow German: swiegen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*swīgon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *swīgon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *swīgon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "swigen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: swigen\nDutch: zwijgen\nLimburgish: zwiege",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: swigen\nDutch: zwijgen\nLimburgish: zwiege"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swīgēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: swīgēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: swīgēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "swīgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: swīgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: swīgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "schwijje",
"3": "schweie"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: schwijje, schweie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: schwijje, schweie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schweigen"
},
"expansion": "German: schweigen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schweigen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שווײַגן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: שווײַגן (shvaygn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: שווײַגן (shvaygn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swīgī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "silent"
},
"expansion": "*swīgī (“silent”) + *-ēn",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *swīgā (“silence”) or *swīgī (“silent”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swīgēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swīg?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*swīgēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swīgēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "swaigijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Talking"
],
"glosses": [
"to be silent"
],
"links": [
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stillēn"
},
{
"word": "*þagēn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swīgēn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.