See sugu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sugu"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sugu\nMiddle English: sowe\nEnglish: sow\nScots: sou",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sugu\nMiddle English: sowe\nEnglish: sow\nScots: sou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "suga"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: suga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: suga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Söög"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Söög",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Söög"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*soga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *soga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *soga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "soge",
"3": "suege"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: soge, suege",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: soge, suege"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zeug"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zeug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zeug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sugō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sugō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*suH-",
"t": "pig, hog, swine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sugga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sugga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "sugga"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian sugga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sugge"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian sugge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*suggva"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *suggva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*suH-kéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *suH-kéh₂",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*sukkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sukkos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*suH-",
"3": "*suHkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHkás",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*suwu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *suwu",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *sugō or *suwō, derived from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”), with the West Germanic *-g- arising either:\n* along with the Germanic cognates Swedish sugga, Elfdalian sugga and Norwegian sugge (< Old Norse *suggva), from Proto-Indo-European *suH-kéh₂, with a (diminutive?) suffix similar to those in Proto-Celtic *sukkos and Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHkás, but this does not easily explain the short root vowel (if a laryngeal is to be reconstructed) and North Germanic gemination;\n* sporadically from *w between the high vowels *u (either already in Proto-Germanic from accusative *suwun, or in Proto-West Germanic *suwu), with the North Germanic cognates independently undergoing a parallel development via Holtzmann's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sogā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sogā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*sugu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sugu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sow (female pig)"
],
"id": "en-sugu-gmw-pro-noun-fQc3DzPu",
"links": [
[
"sow",
"sow"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "sū"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sū"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Holtzmann's law"
]
}
],
"word": "sugu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sugu"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sugu\nMiddle English: sowe\nEnglish: sow\nScots: sou",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sugu\nMiddle English: sowe\nEnglish: sow\nScots: sou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "suga"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: suga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: suga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Söög"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Söög",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Söög"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*soga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *soga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *soga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "soge",
"3": "suege"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: soge, suege",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: soge, suege"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zeug"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zeug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zeug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sugō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sugō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*suH-",
"t": "pig, hog, swine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sugga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sugga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "sugga"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian sugga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sugge"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian sugge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*suggva"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *suggva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*suH-kéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *suH-kéh₂",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*sukkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sukkos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*suH-",
"3": "*suHkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHkás",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*suwu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *suwu",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *sugō or *suwō, derived from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”), with the West Germanic *-g- arising either:\n* along with the Germanic cognates Swedish sugga, Elfdalian sugga and Norwegian sugge (< Old Norse *suggva), from Proto-Indo-European *suH-kéh₂, with a (diminutive?) suffix similar to those in Proto-Celtic *sukkos and Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHkás, but this does not easily explain the short root vowel (if a laryngeal is to be reconstructed) and North Germanic gemination;\n* sporadically from *w between the high vowels *u (either already in Proto-Germanic from accusative *suwun, or in Proto-West Germanic *suwu), with the North Germanic cognates independently undergoing a parallel development via Holtzmann's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sogā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sogā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sogōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*sugu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sugu",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "sū"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"gmw-pro:Female animals",
"gmw-pro:Pigs"
],
"glosses": [
"sow (female pig)"
],
"links": [
[
"sow",
"sow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sū"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Holtzmann's law"
]
}
],
"word": "sugu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sugu meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.