"strūbijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See strūbijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gmw-pro|*strūb|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=stiff, rough}} *strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *strūbijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], strūbijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], strūbijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], strūbijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], strūbijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], strūbiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], strūbidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], strūbisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], strūbidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], strūbidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], strūbiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], strūbidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], strūbidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], strūbijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], strūbidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], strūbiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], strūbidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], strūbijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], strūbidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], strūbijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], strūbidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], strūbijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], strūbidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], strūbijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], strūbidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], strūbijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], strūbidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], strūbijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], strūbidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], strūbijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], strūbidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], strūbi [class-1, present, singular, weak], strūbiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], strūbijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], strūbid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to struggle, to resist Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-strūbijan-gmw-pro-verb-m2IEKJB8
  2. to roughen, to ruffle up Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-strūbijan-gmw-pro-verb-sOmY-MBg Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 35 65 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive): 17 83

Download JSON data for strūbijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "strūvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: strūvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: strūvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "struven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: struven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: struven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*strūven"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *strūven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *strūven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "struven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: struven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: struven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "struiven"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: struiven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: struiven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "strūben"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: strūben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: strūben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "strūben"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: strūben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: strūben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "sträuben"
          },
          "expansion": "German: sträuben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: sträuben"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*strūb",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "stiff, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "*strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*strūbijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/strūbijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to struggle, to resist"
      ],
      "id": "en-strūbijan-gmw-pro-verb-m2IEKJB8",
      "links": [
        [
          "struggle",
          "struggle"
        ],
        [
          "resist",
          "resist"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to roughen, to ruffle up"
      ],
      "id": "en-strūbijan-gmw-pro-verb-sOmY-MBg",
      "links": [
        [
          "roughen",
          "roughen"
        ],
        [
          "ruffle up",
          "ruffle up"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "strūbijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "strūvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: strūvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: strūvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "struven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: struven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: struven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*strūven"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *strūven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *strūven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "struven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: struven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: struven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "struiven"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: struiven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: struiven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "strūben"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: strūben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: strūben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "strūben"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: strūben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: strūben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "sträuben"
          },
          "expansion": "German: sträuben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: sträuben"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*strūb",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "stiff, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "*strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strūbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*strūbijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/strūbijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to struggle, to resist"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "struggle",
          "struggle"
        ],
        [
          "resist",
          "resist"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to roughen, to ruffle up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "roughen",
          "roughen"
        ],
        [
          "ruffle up",
          "ruffle up"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "strūbijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.