See strūbijan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "strūvian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: strūvian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: strūvian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "struven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: struven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: struven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*strūven"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *strūven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *strūven"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "struven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: struven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: struven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struiven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: struiven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: struiven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūben"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: strūben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: strūben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "strūben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: strūben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: strūben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sträuben"
},
"expansion": "German: sträuben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: sträuben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*strūb",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "stiff, rough"
},
"expansion": "*strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*strūbijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/strūbijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to struggle, to resist"
],
"id": "en-strūbijan-gmw-pro-verb-m2IEKJB8",
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to roughen, to ruffle up"
],
"id": "en-strūbijan-gmw-pro-verb-sOmY-MBg",
"links": [
[
"roughen",
"roughen"
],
[
"ruffle up",
"ruffle up"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "strūbijan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "strūvian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: strūvian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: strūvian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "struven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: struven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: struven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*strūven"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *strūven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *strūven"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "struven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: struven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: struven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struiven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: struiven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: struiven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūben"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: strūben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: strūben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "strūben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: strūben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: strūben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sträuben"
},
"expansion": "German: sträuben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: sträuben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*strūb",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "stiff, rough"
},
"expansion": "*strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *strūb (“stiff, rough”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "strūbid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*strūbijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/strūbijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to struggle, to resist"
],
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to roughen, to ruffle up"
],
"links": [
[
"roughen",
"roughen"
],
[
"ruffle up",
"ruffle up"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "strūbijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for strūbijan meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.