"sūpan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See sūpan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *sūpaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*sūpaną}} Proto-Germanic *sūpaną Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *sūpan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-st}} Forms: strong [table-tags], sūpan [infinitive], sūpannjas [genitive, infinitive], sūpannjē [dative, infinitive], sūpannju [infinitive, instrumental], sūpu [first-person, present, singular], saup [first-person, past, singular], sūpiʀi [present, second-person, singular], supī [past, second-person, singular], sūpidi [present, singular, third-person], saup [past, singular, third-person], sūpum [first-person, plural, present], supum [first-person, past, plural], sūpid [plural, present, second-person], supud [past, plural, second-person], sūpand [plural, present, third-person], supun [past, plural, third-person], sūpē [first-person, present, singular], supī [first-person, past, singular], sūpēs [present, second-person, singular], sūpē [present, singular, third-person], supī [past, singular, third-person], sūpēm [first-person, plural, present], supīm [first-person, past, plural], sūpēþ [plural, present, second-person], supīd [past, plural, second-person], sūpēn [plural, present, third-person], supīn [past, plural, third-person], sūp [present, singular], sūpid [plural, present], sūpandī [participle, present], sopan [participle, past]
  1. to drink greedily, slurp Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-sūpan-gmw-pro-verb-lJqfQKJ- Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sūpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sūpan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sūpan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "soupen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: soupen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: soupen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "soup",
            "3": "sowp",
            "4": "sup"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: soup, sowp, sup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: soup, sowp, sup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "sup",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "English: sup, soup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: sup, soup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*sūpa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *sūpa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *sūpa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "suupe"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: suupe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: suupe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "sûpe"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: sûpe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: sûpe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "sūpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: sūpan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: sūpan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "sūpen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: sūpen\nGerman Low German: supen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: sūpen\nGerman Low German: supen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*sūpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *sūpan\nMiddle Dutch: supen\nDutch: zuipen\nAfrikaans: suip\n→ Saramaccan: zoin\nLimburgish: zoepe",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *sūpan\nMiddle Dutch: supen\nDutch: zuipen\nAfrikaans: suip\n→ Saramaccan: zoin\nLimburgish: zoepe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "sūfan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: sūfan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: sūfan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "sūfen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: sūfen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: sūfen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gsw",
            "2": "suufe",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Alemannic German: suufe, süfä (Formazza)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Alemannic German: suufe, süfä (Formazza)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-cfr",
            "2": "suffe"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Franconian: suffe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Franconian: suffe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "saufn"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: saufn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: saufn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "saufen",
            "3": "süffeln"
          },
          "expansion": "German: saufen, süffeln",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: saufen, süffeln"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "saufe"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: saufe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: saufe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "saufen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: saufen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: saufen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "זויפֿן"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: זויפֿן (zoyfn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: זויפֿן (zoyfn)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sūpaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sūpaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *sūpaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saup",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saup",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sopan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*sūpan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sūpan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to drink greedily, slurp"
      ],
      "id": "en-sūpan-gmw-pro-verb-lJqfQKJ-",
      "links": [
        [
          "drink",
          "drink"
        ],
        [
          "greedily",
          "greedily"
        ],
        [
          "slurp",
          "slurp"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sūpan"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sūpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sūpan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sūpan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "soupen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: soupen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: soupen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "soup",
            "3": "sowp",
            "4": "sup"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: soup, sowp, sup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: soup, sowp, sup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "sup",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "English: sup, soup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: sup, soup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*sūpa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *sūpa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *sūpa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "suupe"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: suupe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: suupe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "sûpe"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: sûpe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: sûpe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "sūpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: sūpan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: sūpan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "sūpen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: sūpen\nGerman Low German: supen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: sūpen\nGerman Low German: supen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*sūpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *sūpan\nMiddle Dutch: supen\nDutch: zuipen\nAfrikaans: suip\n→ Saramaccan: zoin\nLimburgish: zoepe",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *sūpan\nMiddle Dutch: supen\nDutch: zuipen\nAfrikaans: suip\n→ Saramaccan: zoin\nLimburgish: zoepe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "sūfan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: sūfan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: sūfan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "sūfen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: sūfen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: sūfen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gsw",
            "2": "suufe",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Alemannic German: suufe, süfä (Formazza)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Alemannic German: suufe, süfä (Formazza)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-cfr",
            "2": "suffe"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Franconian: suffe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Franconian: suffe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "saufn"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: saufn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: saufn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "saufen",
            "3": "süffeln"
          },
          "expansion": "German: saufen, süffeln",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: saufen, süffeln"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "saufe"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: saufe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: saufe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "saufen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: saufen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: saufen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "זויפֿן"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: זויפֿן (zoyfn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: זויפֿן (zoyfn)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sūpaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sūpaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *sūpaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saup",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saup",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "supīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sūpandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sopan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*sūpan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sūpan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Drinking"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to drink greedily, slurp"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drink",
          "drink"
        ],
        [
          "greedily",
          "greedily"
        ],
        [
          "slurp",
          "slurp"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sūpan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sūpan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.