See ruppōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*rubbian",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old English: *rubbian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old English: *rubbian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rubben",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(possibly borrowed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rubben (possibly borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rub"
},
"expansion": "English: rub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rub"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*robbia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *robbia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *robbia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "robje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: robje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: robje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*roppōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *roppōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *roppōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "roppen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: roppen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: roppen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Low German: rubben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: rubben"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*roppon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *roppon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *roppon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "roppen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: roppen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: roppen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roppen",
"3": "robben",
"4": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roppen, robben, rubben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roppen, robben, rubben"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ropfōn",
"3": "rophōn",
"4": "",
"alt2": "*ruphōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ropfōn, *ruphōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ropfōn, *ruphōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ropfen",
"3": "rupfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rupfen"
},
"expansion": "German: rupfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: rupfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "rappen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: rappen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: rappen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ruppōną",
"t": "to tear off"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ruppōną (“to tear off”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *ruppōną (“to tear off”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ruppōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ruppōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tear off"
],
"id": "en-ruppōn-gmw-pro-verb-hwLE9Bx1",
"links": [
[
"tear off",
"tear off"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rub"
],
"id": "en-ruppōn-gmw-pro-verb-hi9WHBpS",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubbōn"
}
],
"word": "ruppōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*rubbian",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old English: *rubbian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old English: *rubbian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rubben",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(possibly borrowed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rubben (possibly borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rub"
},
"expansion": "English: rub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rub"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*robbia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *robbia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *robbia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "robje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: robje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: robje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*roppōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *roppōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *roppōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "roppen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: roppen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: roppen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Low German: rubben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: rubben"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*roppon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *roppon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *roppon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "roppen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: roppen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: roppen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roppen",
"3": "robben",
"4": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roppen, robben, rubben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roppen, robben, rubben"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ropfōn",
"3": "rophōn",
"4": "",
"alt2": "*ruphōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ropfōn, *ruphōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ropfōn, *ruphōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ropfen",
"3": "rupfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rupfen"
},
"expansion": "German: rupfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: rupfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "rappen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: rappen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: rappen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ruppōną",
"t": "to tear off"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ruppōną (“to tear off”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *ruppōną (“to tear off”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruppōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ruppōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ruppōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to tear off"
],
"links": [
[
"tear off",
"tear off"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rub"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rubbōn"
}
],
"word": "ruppōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruppōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.