See raub in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rēaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rēaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rēaf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: reif, reaf, ræf, ref, reve, raf, ræve, rave, reafe\nEnglish: reif, reaf, rief\nScots: reif, rief, reiff, refe, ref",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: reif, reaf, ræf, ref, reve, raf, ræve, rave, reafe\nEnglish: reif, reaf, rief\nScots: reif, rief, reiff, refe, ref"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "rāf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: rāf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: rāf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Roof"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Roof"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rôf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: rôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: rôf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rôf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rôf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Roov"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Roov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Roov"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rof",
"alt": "rōf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Swedish: rōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Swedish: rōf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rov"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rov"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rôof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rôof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rôof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roof"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "roub",
"3": "roup"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: roub, roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: roub, roup"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "roub",
"3": "roup"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: roub, roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: roub, roup"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Raub"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Raub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Raub"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Raub"
},
"expansion": "German: Raub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Raub"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Raf"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Raf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Raf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-eme",
"2": "rauba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Early Medieval Latin: rauba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Early Medieval Latin: rauba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "roba"
},
"expansion": "Italian: roba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: roba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "robe"
},
"expansion": "Old French: robe, robbe, reube\nMiddle French: robe\nFrench: robe\n→ Dutch: robe\n→ German: Robe\n→ Czech: róba\n→ Romanian: robă f\n→ Turkish: rop\nNorman: robe\n→ Middle English: robe, roobe, rob, robbe\nEnglish: robe\n→ Irish: róba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb\nScots: robe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: robe, robbe, reube\nMiddle French: robe\nFrench: robe\n→ Dutch: robe\n→ German: Robe\n→ Czech: róba\n→ Romanian: robă f\n→ Turkish: rop\nNorman: robe\n→ Middle English: robe, roobe, rob, robbe\nEnglish: robe\n→ Irish: róba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb\nScots: robe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roba"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: roba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: roba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "roupa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: roupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: roupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roupa"
},
"expansion": "Galician: roupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: roupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roupa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: roupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: roupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ropa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ropa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccc",
"2": "ropa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chamicuro: ropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chamicuro: ropa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *raubaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "raub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*raub m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raub",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "reufan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 39 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rape, pillage, robbery"
],
"id": "en-raub-gmw-pro-noun-wRH05Jbk",
"links": [
[
"rape",
"rape"
],
[
"pillage",
"pillage"
],
[
"robbery",
"robbery"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 39 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that which is stolen, spoils, booty"
],
"id": "en-raub-gmw-pro-noun-3okPV3uD",
"links": [
[
"stolen",
"steal"
],
[
"spoils",
"spoils"
],
[
"booty",
"booty"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 39 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garment, robe"
],
"id": "en-raub-gmw-pro-noun-NL9aF7yh",
"links": [
[
"garment",
"garment"
],
[
"robe",
"robe"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "raub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rēaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rēaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rēaf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: reif, reaf, ræf, ref, reve, raf, ræve, rave, reafe\nEnglish: reif, reaf, rief\nScots: reif, rief, reiff, refe, ref",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: reif, reaf, ræf, ref, reve, raf, ræve, rave, reafe\nEnglish: reif, reaf, rief\nScots: reif, rief, reiff, refe, ref"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "rāf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: rāf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: rāf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Roof"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Roof"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rôf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: rôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: rôf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rôf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rôf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Roov"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Roov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Roov"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rof",
"alt": "rōf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Swedish: rōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Swedish: rōf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rov"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rov"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rōf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rōf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rôof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rôof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rôof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roof"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "roub",
"3": "roup"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: roub, roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: roub, roup"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "roub",
"3": "roup"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: roub, roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: roub, roup"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Raub"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Raub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Raub"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Raub"
},
"expansion": "German: Raub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Raub"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Raf"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Raf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Raf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-eme",
"2": "rauba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Early Medieval Latin: rauba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Early Medieval Latin: rauba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "roba"
},
"expansion": "Italian: roba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: roba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "robe"
},
"expansion": "Old French: robe, robbe, reube\nMiddle French: robe\nFrench: robe\n→ Dutch: robe\n→ German: Robe\n→ Czech: róba\n→ Romanian: robă f\n→ Turkish: rop\nNorman: robe\n→ Middle English: robe, roobe, rob, robbe\nEnglish: robe\n→ Irish: róba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb\nScots: robe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: robe, robbe, reube\nMiddle French: robe\nFrench: robe\n→ Dutch: robe\n→ German: Robe\n→ Czech: róba\n→ Romanian: robă f\n→ Turkish: rop\nNorman: robe\n→ Middle English: robe, roobe, rob, robbe\nEnglish: robe\n→ Irish: róba\n→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb\nScots: robe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roba"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: roba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: roba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "roupa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: roupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: roupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roupa"
},
"expansion": "Galician: roupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: roupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roupa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: roupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: roupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ropa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ropa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccc",
"2": "ropa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chamicuro: ropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chamicuro: ropa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *raubaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "raub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raubum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*raub m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raub",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "reufan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Sex",
"gmw-pro:Theft"
],
"glosses": [
"rape, pillage, robbery"
],
"links": [
[
"rape",
"rape"
],
[
"pillage",
"pillage"
],
[
"robbery",
"robbery"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that which is stolen, spoils, booty"
],
"links": [
[
"stolen",
"steal"
],
[
"spoils",
"spoils"
],
[
"booty",
"booty"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Clothing",
"gmw-pro:Robes and cloaks"
],
"glosses": [
"garment, robe"
],
"links": [
[
"garment",
"garment"
],
[
"robe",
"robe"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "raub"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raub meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.