"poll" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See poll in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Presumably from Proto-Germanic *pullaz, possibly nominalized from Proto-Indo-European *bl̥-nó-s (“swollen”), from *bel- (“to swell, become strong”) + *-nós. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro||*pullaz}} Proto-Germanic *pullaz, {{inh|gmw-pro|ine-pro||*bl̥-nó-s|t=swollen}} Proto-Indo-European *bl̥-nó-s (“swollen”), {{af|ine-pro|*bel-|*-nós|nocat=1|t1=to swell, become strong}} *bel- (“to swell, become strong”) + *-nós Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|noun|g=m}} *poll m Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-noun-a|g=m}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], poll [nominative, singular], pollō [nominative, plural], pollōs [nominative, plural], poll [accusative, singular], pollā [accusative, plural], pollas [genitive, singular], pollō [genitive, plural], pollē [dative, singular], pollum [dative, plural], pollu [instrumental, singular], pollum [instrumental, plural]
  1. swollen end, top end Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-poll-gmw-pro-noun-qsG3da4R Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for poll meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.3kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "polle",
            "3": "poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: polle, poll",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German"
          },
          "expansion": "(or borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: polle, poll (or borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "poll",
            "3": "pow"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: poll, pow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: poll, pow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "poll"
          },
          "expansion": "English: poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "pollhead",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ English: pollhead",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ English: pollhead"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xno",
            "2": "poll",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Anglo-Norman: poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Anglo-Norman: poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "tadpolle",
            "3": "taddepol",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle English: tadpolle, taddepol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle English: tadpolle, taddepol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tadpole"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tadpole",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tadpole"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "pol"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: pol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: pol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*poll",
            "3": "polla"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *poll, polla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *poll, polla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "pol",
            "3": "polle"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: pol, polle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: pol, polle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "pol"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: pol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: pol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "pol",
            "3": "polle"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: pol, polle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: pol, polle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "Polle"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: Polle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: Polle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*pullaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *pullaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*bl̥-nó-s",
        "t": "swollen"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bl̥-nó-s (“swollen”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bel-",
        "3": "*-nós",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to swell, become strong"
      },
      "expansion": "*bel- (“to swell, become strong”) + *-nós",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Germanic *pullaz, possibly nominalized from Proto-Indo-European *bl̥-nó-s (“swollen”), from *bel- (“to swell, become strong”) + *-nós.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "poll",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "poll",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*poll m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/poll",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "swollen end, top end"
      ],
      "id": "en-poll-gmw-pro-noun-qsG3da4R",
      "links": [
        [
          "swollen",
          "swollen"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "poll"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "polle",
            "3": "poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: polle, poll",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German"
          },
          "expansion": "(or borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: polle, poll (or borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "poll",
            "3": "pow"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: poll, pow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: poll, pow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "poll"
          },
          "expansion": "English: poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "pollhead",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ English: pollhead",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ English: pollhead"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xno",
            "2": "poll",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Anglo-Norman: poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Anglo-Norman: poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "tadpolle",
            "3": "taddepol",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle English: tadpolle, taddepol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle English: tadpolle, taddepol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tadpole"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tadpole",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tadpole"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "pol"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: pol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: pol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*poll",
            "3": "polla"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *poll, polla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *poll, polla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "pol",
            "3": "polle"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: pol, polle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: pol, polle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "pol"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: pol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: pol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*poll"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *poll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *poll"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "pol",
            "3": "polle"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: pol, polle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: pol, polle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "Polle"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: Polle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: Polle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*pullaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *pullaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*bl̥-nó-s",
        "t": "swollen"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bl̥-nó-s (“swollen”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bel-",
        "3": "*-nós",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to swell, become strong"
      },
      "expansion": "*bel- (“to swell, become strong”) + *-nós",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Germanic *pullaz, possibly nominalized from Proto-Indo-European *bl̥-nó-s (“swollen”), from *bel- (“to swell, become strong”) + *-nós.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "poll",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "poll",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pollum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*poll m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/poll",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-West Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "swollen end, top end"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swollen",
          "swollen"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "poll"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.