See plūmu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*plūma"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *plūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *plūma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "plūme",
"3": "plǖme",
"4": "ployme",
"5": "pleume"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: plūme, plǖme, ployme, pleume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: plūme, plǖme, ployme, pleume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*plūma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *plūma\nMiddle Dutch: plūme\nDutch: pluim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *plūma\nMiddle Dutch: plūme\nDutch: pluim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*pflūma"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *pflūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *pflūma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "pflūme"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: pflūme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: pflūme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pflaum",
"3": "Pflaume"
},
"expansion": "German: Pflaum, Pflaume",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Pflaum, Pflaume (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flaum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Flaum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from East Central German"
},
"expansion": "(from East Central German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Flaum (from East Central German)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*plewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"t": "feather, plume"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather, plume”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather, plume”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*plūmu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/plūmu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "plūmōn"
},
{
"word": "plūmufeþru"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down feather"
],
"id": "en-plūmu-gmw-pro-noun-D1Q~lJIt",
"links": [
[
"down feather",
"down feather"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "plūmu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "plūmōn"
},
{
"word": "plūmufeþru"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*plūma"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *plūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *plūma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "plūme",
"3": "plǖme",
"4": "ployme",
"5": "pleume"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: plūme, plǖme, ployme, pleume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: plūme, plǖme, ployme, pleume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*plūma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *plūma\nMiddle Dutch: plūme\nDutch: pluim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *plūma\nMiddle Dutch: plūme\nDutch: pluim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*pflūma"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *pflūma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *pflūma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "pflūme"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: pflūme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: pflūme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pflaum",
"3": "Pflaume"
},
"expansion": "German: Pflaum, Pflaume",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Pflaum, Pflaume (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flaum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Flaum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from East Central German"
},
"expansion": "(from East Central German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Flaum (from East Central German)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*plewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"t": "feather, plume"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather, plume”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather, plume”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*plūmu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/plūmu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *plewk-",
"Proto-West Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"down feather"
],
"links": [
[
"down feather",
"down feather"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "plūmu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plūmu meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.