See peru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "peru"
},
"expansion": "Old English: peru, pere\nMiddle English: pere, peere, per, peire, peore, peare\nEnglish: pear\n→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)\n→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)\n→ Sotho: pere\n→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)\n→ Tokelauan: pea\n→ Xhosa: ipere\nScots: peer, peir\n→ Scottish Gaelic: peur",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: peru, pere\nMiddle English: pere, peere, per, peire, peore, peare\nEnglish: pear\n→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)\n→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)\n→ Sotho: pere\n→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)\n→ Tokelauan: pea\n→ Xhosa: ipere\nScots: peer, peir\n→ Scottish Gaelic: peur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*pere"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *pere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *pere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Pere"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Pere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Pere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*pera"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *pera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *pera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bêre",
"3": "pêre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bêre, pêre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bêre, pêre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Grafschaftish: Beäre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Low Prussian, Westphalian (Westmünsterländisch): Peer"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Sündern",
"2": "Assinghausen",
"3": "Elpe",
"4": "Kirchhundem"
},
"expansion": "(Sündern, Assinghausen, Elpe, Kirchhundem)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Balve"
},
"expansion": "(Balve)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Brilon",
"2": "Wenden"
},
"expansion": "(Brilon, Wenden)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Niedersfeld"
},
"expansion": "(Niedersfeld)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Drolshagen",
"2": "Olpe"
},
"expansion": "(Drolshagen, Olpe)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: Biär, Biäre (Sündern, Assinghausen, Elpe, Kirchhundem), Bier (Balve), Beere (Brilon, Wenden), Bäre (Niedersfeld), Biare (Drolshagen, Olpe)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Peere"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Dortmund"
},
"expansion": "(Dortmund)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "South Westphalian: Beär (Dortmund)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pera",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: pera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: pera"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pære"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: pære",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: pære"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pære"
},
"expansion": "Danish: pære\n→ Greenlandic: pære",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Danish: pære\n→ Greenlandic: pære"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "päron"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: päron\n→ Finnish: päärynä",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: päron\n→ Finnish: päärynä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*pera"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *pera\nMiddle Dutch: pēre\nDutch: peer\nAfrikaans: peer\nJersey Dutch: pêr\n→ Aukan: peli\n→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *pera\nMiddle Dutch: pēre\nDutch: peer\nAfrikaans: peer\nJersey Dutch: pêr\n→ Aukan: peli\n→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "pira",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin pira f",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pirum",
"g": "n",
"t": "pear"
},
"expansion": "Latin pirum n (“pear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vulgar Latin pira f, Latin pirum n (“pear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "peru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*peru f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/peru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pear"
],
"id": "en-peru-gmw-pro-noun-l8--h1Ma",
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "peru"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "peru"
},
"expansion": "Old English: peru, pere\nMiddle English: pere, peere, per, peire, peore, peare\nEnglish: pear\n→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)\n→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)\n→ Sotho: pere\n→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)\n→ Tokelauan: pea\n→ Xhosa: ipere\nScots: peer, peir\n→ Scottish Gaelic: peur",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: peru, pere\nMiddle English: pere, peere, per, peire, peore, peare\nEnglish: pear\n→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)\n→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)\n→ Sotho: pere\n→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)\n→ Tokelauan: pea\n→ Xhosa: ipere\nScots: peer, peir\n→ Scottish Gaelic: peur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*pere"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *pere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *pere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Pere"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Pere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Pere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*pera"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *pera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *pera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bêre",
"3": "pêre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bêre, pêre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bêre, pêre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Grafschaftish: Beäre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Low Prussian, Westphalian (Westmünsterländisch): Peer"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Sündern",
"2": "Assinghausen",
"3": "Elpe",
"4": "Kirchhundem"
},
"expansion": "(Sündern, Assinghausen, Elpe, Kirchhundem)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Balve"
},
"expansion": "(Balve)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Brilon",
"2": "Wenden"
},
"expansion": "(Brilon, Wenden)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Niedersfeld"
},
"expansion": "(Niedersfeld)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Drolshagen",
"2": "Olpe"
},
"expansion": "(Drolshagen, Olpe)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: Biär, Biäre (Sündern, Assinghausen, Elpe, Kirchhundem), Bier (Balve), Beere (Brilon, Wenden), Bäre (Niedersfeld), Biare (Drolshagen, Olpe)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Peere"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Dortmund"
},
"expansion": "(Dortmund)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "South Westphalian: Beär (Dortmund)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pera",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: pera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: pera"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pære"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: pære",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: pære"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pære"
},
"expansion": "Danish: pære\n→ Greenlandic: pære",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Danish: pære\n→ Greenlandic: pære"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "päron"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: päron\n→ Finnish: päärynä",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: päron\n→ Finnish: päärynä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*pera"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *pera\nMiddle Dutch: pēre\nDutch: peer\nAfrikaans: peer\nJersey Dutch: pêr\n→ Aukan: peli\n→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *pera\nMiddle Dutch: pēre\nDutch: peer\nAfrikaans: peer\nJersey Dutch: pêr\n→ Aukan: peli\n→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "pira",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin pira f",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pirum",
"g": "n",
"t": "pear"
},
"expansion": "Latin pirum n (“pear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vulgar Latin pira f, Latin pirum n (“pear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "peru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*peru f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/peru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Vulgar Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"gmw-pro:Pome fruits"
],
"glosses": [
"pear"
],
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "peru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for peru meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.