See luftu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for luftu meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "luftijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lyft",
"qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*lufti</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lyft (< *lufti)\nMiddle English: luft, lift\nEnglish: lift\nScots: luft, lift",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lyft (< *lufti)\nMiddle English: luft, lift\nEnglish: lift\nScots: luft, lift"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lufte",
"4": "*loft"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: luft, lufte, *loft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: luft, lufte, *loft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Luft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "loft"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: loft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: loft"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: luft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lucht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "lucht",
"3": "luft",
"4": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Low German: lucht, luft, Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: lucht, luft, Luft"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Frisian Low Saxon: Loft"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Volhynian: Lift"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Lucht",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: Lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: Lucht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "luft",
"3": "luktur",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: luft, luktur (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: luft, luktur (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lukt",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: luft, lukt (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: luft, lukt (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lukt",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: luft, lukt (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: luft, lukt (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lugt",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: luft, lugt (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: luft, lugt (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *luft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "lucht",
"3": "locht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: lucht, locht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: lucht, locht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: lucht"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lucht",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: lucht"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: luft",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: luft; luht (northern)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: luft; lucht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "German: Luft\n→ English: luft\n→ Czech: luft\n→ Luxembourgish: Loft\n→ Kashubian: lëft\n→ Polish: luft\n→ Silesian: luft",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: Luft\n→ English: luft\n→ Czech: luft\n→ Luxembourgish: Loft\n→ Kashubian: lëft\n→ Polish: luft\n→ Silesian: luft"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Luft",
"3": "Loft",
"4": "Loff"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: Luft, Loft, Loff",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "originally south-eastern"
},
"expansion": "(originally south-eastern)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern and western, now only for “space”"
},
"expansion": "(northern and western, now only for “space”)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: Luft, Loft, Loff (originally south-eastern); Luucht, Luuch, Luht, Lueht (northern and western, now only for “space”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Luft"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Luucht",
"3": "Lut"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Luucht, Lut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Luucht, Lut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "East Central German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Central German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lusatian: Luffd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "łöft"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: łöft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: łöft"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: Luft"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "לופֿט"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: לופֿט (luft)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: לופֿט (luft)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *luftuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loftō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loftō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftiwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loftō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*luftu m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/luftu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"id": "en-luftu-gmw-pro-noun-0aDW9HB0",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"atmosphere"
],
"id": "en-luftu-gmw-pro-noun-v9Wo7XNX",
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luftu-gmw-pro-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lufti"
}
],
"word": "luftu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "luftijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lyft",
"qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*lufti</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lyft (< *lufti)\nMiddle English: luft, lift\nEnglish: lift\nScots: luft, lift",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lyft (< *lufti)\nMiddle English: luft, lift\nEnglish: lift\nScots: luft, lift"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lufte",
"4": "*loft"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: luft, lufte, *loft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: luft, lufte, *loft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Luft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "loft"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: loft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: loft"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: luft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lucht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "lucht",
"3": "luft",
"4": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Low German: lucht, luft, Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: lucht, luft, Luft"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Frisian Low Saxon: Loft"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Volhynian: Lift"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Lucht",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: Lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: Lucht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "luft",
"3": "luktur",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: luft, luktur (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: luft, luktur (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lukt",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: luft, lukt (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: luft, lukt (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lukt",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: luft, lukt (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: luft, lukt (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "luft",
"3": "lugt",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "smell"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: luft, lugt (“smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: luft, lugt (“smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *luft"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "lucht",
"3": "locht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: lucht, locht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: lucht, locht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: lucht"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lucht",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: lucht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: lucht"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: luft",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: luft; luht (northern)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: luft; lucht"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "German: Luft\n→ English: luft\n→ Czech: luft\n→ Luxembourgish: Loft\n→ Kashubian: lëft\n→ Polish: luft\n→ Silesian: luft",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: Luft\n→ English: luft\n→ Czech: luft\n→ Luxembourgish: Loft\n→ Kashubian: lëft\n→ Polish: luft\n→ Silesian: luft"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Luft",
"3": "Loft",
"4": "Loff"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: Luft, Loft, Loff",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "originally south-eastern"
},
"expansion": "(originally south-eastern)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern and western, now only for “space”"
},
"expansion": "(northern and western, now only for “space”)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: Luft, Loft, Loff (originally south-eastern); Luucht, Luuch, Luht, Lueht (northern and western, now only for “space”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Luft"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Luucht",
"3": "Lut"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Luucht, Lut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Luucht, Lut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "East Central German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Central German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lusatian: Luffd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "łöft"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: łöft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: łöft"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: Luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: Luft"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "לופֿט"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: לופֿט (luft)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: לופֿט (luft)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *luftuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loftō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loftō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftiwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loftō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*luftu m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/luftu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Roofing"
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Atmosphere"
],
"glosses": [
"atmosphere"
],
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lufti"
}
],
"word": "luftu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.