See laiþ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "laiþattjan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "laiþēn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "laiþijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lāþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lāþ\nMiddle English: lath, loth, lothe\nScots: lathe, laith\nEnglish: loath\nScots: lothe, loith",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lāþ\nMiddle English: lath, loth, lothe\nScots: lathe, laith\nEnglish: loath\nScots: lothe, loith"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lēth"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lēth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lēth"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "läid"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: läid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: läid"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: leed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lēth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lēth\nMiddle Low German: lêt, leit\nLow German:\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: leed\nWestmünsterländisch: leed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lēth\nMiddle Low German: lêt, leit\nLow German:\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: leed\nWestmünsterländisch: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lēth"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lēth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lēth"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "lêet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: lêet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: lêet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: leed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "leid"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: leid\nMiddle High German: leit\nGerman: leid\nSilesian: leed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: leid\nMiddle High German: leit\nGerman: leid\nSilesian: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*laidum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *laidum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *laidum (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laiþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laiþaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *laiþaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*laiþ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laiþ",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loathsome, detestable, hated"
],
"id": "en-laiþ-gmw-pro-adj-IWTWDXbA",
"links": [
[
"loathsome",
"loathsome"
],
[
"detestable",
"detestable"
],
[
"hated",
"hated"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"hostile, hateful"
],
"id": "en-laiþ-gmw-pro-adj-guaYQ3gd",
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"hateful",
"hateful"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laiþ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "laiþattjan"
},
{
"word": "laiþēn"
},
{
"word": "laiþijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lāþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lāþ\nMiddle English: lath, loth, lothe\nScots: lathe, laith\nEnglish: loath\nScots: lothe, loith",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lāþ\nMiddle English: lath, loth, lothe\nScots: lathe, laith\nEnglish: loath\nScots: lothe, loith"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lēth"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lēth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lēth"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "läid"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: läid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: läid"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: leed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lēth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lēth\nMiddle Low German: lêt, leit\nLow German:\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: leed\nWestmünsterländisch: leed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lēth\nMiddle Low German: lêt, leit\nLow German:\nWestphalian:\nMünsterländisch: leed\nWestmünsterländisch: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lēth"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lēth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lēth"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "lêet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: lêet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: lêet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: leed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "leid"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: leid\nMiddle High German: leit\nGerman: leid\nSilesian: leed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: leid\nMiddle High German: leit\nGerman: leid\nSilesian: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*laidum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *laidum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *laidum (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laiþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laiþaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *laiþaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiþum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*laiþ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laiþ",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Hatred"
],
"glosses": [
"loathsome, detestable, hated"
],
"links": [
[
"loathsome",
"loathsome"
],
[
"detestable",
"detestable"
],
[
"hated",
"hated"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Hatred"
],
"glosses": [
"hostile, hateful"
],
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"hateful",
"hateful"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laiþ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for laiþ meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.