See kauli in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cāwel"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cāwel, cāwl, cāul, cāl\nMiddle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, kal (Northern)\nEnglish: cole, kale, kail\nScots: cale, caill, kail\nYola: kaayle, Coolpeach\n→ Irish: cál\n→ Old Norse: kál\nIcelandic: kál\nFaroese: kál\nNorwegian: kål\nOld Danish: kaal\nDanish: kål\nOld Swedish: kāl\nSwedish: kål\n→ Finnish: kaali\nElfdalian: ką̊l\n→ Scottish Gaelic: càl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cāwel, cāwl, cāul, cāl\nMiddle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, kal (Northern)\nEnglish: cole, kale, kail\nScots: cale, caill, kail\nYola: kaayle, Coolpeach\n→ Irish: cál\n→ Old Norse: kál\nIcelandic: kál\nFaroese: kál\nNorwegian: kål\nOld Danish: kaal\nDanish: kål\nOld Swedish: kāl\nSwedish: kål\n→ Finnish: kaali\nElfdalian: ką̊l\n→ Scottish Gaelic: càl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kāl"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kāl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(likely borrowed)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kāl (likely borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kool"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kool"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "koal"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: koal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: koal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kōli",
"3": "kōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kōli, kōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kōli, kōl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kôl",
"3": "koel",
"4": "koil",
"5": "kohl",
"6": "kohel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kôl, koel, koil, kohl, kohel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kôl, koel, koil, kohl, kohel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Märkisch (Altmärkisch), Westphalian (South Westphalian): Kaol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Grafschaft"
},
"expansion": "(Grafschaft)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bentheimisch: Koal (Grafschaft)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sauerländisch (Assinghausen, Eslohe, Felbecke), East Westphalian (Lipp): Kaul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Niedersfeld"
},
"expansion": "(Niedersfeld)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Attendorn",
"2": "Drolshagen"
},
"expansion": "(Attendorn, Drolshagen)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Wenden"
},
"expansion": "(Wenden)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: Käol, Keyel (Niedersfeld), Koul (Attendorn, Drolshagen), Köel (Wenden)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Kool"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Ravensberg"
},
"expansion": "(Ravensberg)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "East Westphalian: Käul (Ravensberg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kōli",
"3": "*kōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kōli, *kōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kōli, *kōl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cole",
"3": "col"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cole, col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cole, col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kool"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kool"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kool"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kōli",
"3": "kōl",
"4": "kōla",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kōli, kōl m, kōla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kōli, kōl m, kōla f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kōl",
"3": "koele",
"4": "koel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kōl, koele, koel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kōl, koele, koel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Keel",
"3": "Kel"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Keel, Kel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Keel, Kel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "kel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: kel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: kel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кељ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кељ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кељ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kelj",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kelj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kelj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kohl"
},
"expansion": "German: Kohl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kohl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis"
},
"expansion": "Latin caulis",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin caulis, caulus (“stalk, stem; cabbage”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kauli m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-i"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kauli",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cabbage, colewort"
],
"id": "en-kauli-gmw-pro-noun-jwv6uh9b",
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
],
[
"colewort",
"colewort"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kauli"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cāwel"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cāwel, cāwl, cāul, cāl\nMiddle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, kal (Northern)\nEnglish: cole, kale, kail\nScots: cale, caill, kail\nYola: kaayle, Coolpeach\n→ Irish: cál\n→ Old Norse: kál\nIcelandic: kál\nFaroese: kál\nNorwegian: kål\nOld Danish: kaal\nDanish: kål\nOld Swedish: kāl\nSwedish: kål\n→ Finnish: kaali\nElfdalian: ką̊l\n→ Scottish Gaelic: càl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cāwel, cāwl, cāul, cāl\nMiddle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, kal (Northern)\nEnglish: cole, kale, kail\nScots: cale, caill, kail\nYola: kaayle, Coolpeach\n→ Irish: cál\n→ Old Norse: kál\nIcelandic: kál\nFaroese: kál\nNorwegian: kål\nOld Danish: kaal\nDanish: kål\nOld Swedish: kāl\nSwedish: kål\n→ Finnish: kaali\nElfdalian: ką̊l\n→ Scottish Gaelic: càl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kāl"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kāl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(likely borrowed)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kāl (likely borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kool"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kool"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "koal"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: koal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: koal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kōli",
"3": "kōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kōli, kōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kōli, kōl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kôl",
"3": "koel",
"4": "koil",
"5": "kohl",
"6": "kohel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kôl, koel, koil, kohl, kohel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kôl, koel, koil, kohl, kohel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Märkisch (Altmärkisch), Westphalian (South Westphalian): Kaol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Grafschaft"
},
"expansion": "(Grafschaft)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bentheimisch: Koal (Grafschaft)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sauerländisch (Assinghausen, Eslohe, Felbecke), East Westphalian (Lipp): Kaul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Niedersfeld"
},
"expansion": "(Niedersfeld)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Attendorn",
"2": "Drolshagen"
},
"expansion": "(Attendorn, Drolshagen)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Wenden"
},
"expansion": "(Wenden)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: Käol, Keyel (Niedersfeld), Koul (Attendorn, Drolshagen), Köel (Wenden)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Kool"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Ravensberg"
},
"expansion": "(Ravensberg)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "East Westphalian: Käul (Ravensberg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kōli",
"3": "*kōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kōli, *kōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kōli, *kōl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cole",
"3": "col"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cole, col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cole, col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kool"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kool"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kool"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kōli",
"3": "kōl",
"4": "kōla",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kōli, kōl m, kōla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kōli, kōl m, kōla f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kōl",
"3": "koele",
"4": "koel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kōl, koele, koel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kōl, koele, koel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Keel",
"3": "Kel"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Keel, Kel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Keel, Kel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "kel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: kel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: kel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кељ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кељ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кељ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kelj",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kelj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kelj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kohl"
},
"expansion": "German: Kohl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kohl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis"
},
"expansion": "Latin caulis",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin caulis, caulus (“stalk, stem; cabbage”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kauli m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-i"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kauli",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"gmw-pro:Brassicas",
"gmw-pro:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"cabbage, colewort"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
],
[
"colewort",
"colewort"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kauli"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kauli meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.