See karmijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċirman",
"3": "ċerman",
"4": "ċierman",
"5": "ċyrman"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċirman, ċerman, ċierman, ċyrman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċirman, ċerman, ċierman, ċyrman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chirmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kermian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kermian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kermian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kermen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kermen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kermen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kermen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn"
},
"expansion": "(likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kermen (likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kermen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karm(i)",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "cry, moan"
},
"expansion": "*karm(i) (“cry, moan”) + *-jan",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karmiz",
"t": "call, cry, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *karm(i) (“cry, moan”) + *-jan, ultimately from the same source as Proto-Germanic *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*karmijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karmijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, moan"
],
"id": "en-karmijan-gmw-pro-verb-WXPra0v9",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"moan",
"moan"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "karmōn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"word": "karmijan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċirman",
"3": "ċerman",
"4": "ċierman",
"5": "ċyrman"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċirman, ċerman, ċierman, ċyrman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċirman, ċerman, ċierman, ċyrman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chirmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kermian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kermian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kermian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kermen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kermen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kermen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kermen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn"
},
"expansion": "(likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kermen (likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kermen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karm(i)",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "cry, moan"
},
"expansion": "*karm(i) (“cry, moan”) + *-jan",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karmiz",
"t": "call, cry, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *karm(i) (“cry, moan”) + *-jan, ultimately from the same source as Proto-Germanic *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "karmid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*karmijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karmijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "karmōn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Sadness",
"gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, moan"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"moan",
"moan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"word": "karmijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for karmijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.