"karmijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See karmijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *karm (“cry, moan”) + *-jan, probably ultimately from the same source as *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”), see also Irish gairm. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gmw-pro|*karm|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=cry, moan}} *karm (“cry, moan”) + *-jan, {{cog|ga|gairm}} Irish gairm Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *karmijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], karmijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], karmijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], karmijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], karmijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], karmiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], karmidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], karmisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], karmidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], karmidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], karmiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], karmidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], karmidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], karmijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], karmidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], karmiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], karmidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], karmijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], karmidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], karmijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], karmidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], karmijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], karmidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], karmijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], karmidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], karmijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], karmidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], karmijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], karmidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], karmijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], karmidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], karmi [class-1, present, singular, weak], karmiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], karmijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], karmid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to cry, moan Wikipedia link: Nicoline van der Sijs Tags: reconstruction Related terms: karmōn
    Sense id: en-karmijan-gmw-pro-verb-WXPra0v9 Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)

Download JSON data for karmijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "cirman",
            "3": "cerman",
            "4": "cierman",
            "5": "cyrman"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: cirman, cerman, cierman, cyrman",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: cirman, cerman, cierman, cyrman"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "chirmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*kermian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *kermian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *kermian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: kermen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kermen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn"
          },
          "expansion": "(likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: kermen (likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kermen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*karm",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "cry, moan"
      },
      "expansion": "*karm (“cry, moan”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "gairm"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish gairm",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *karm (“cry, moan”) + *-jan, probably ultimately from the same source as *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”), see also Irish gairm.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*karmijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karmijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cry, moan"
      ],
      "id": "en-karmijan-gmw-pro-verb-WXPra0v9",
      "links": [
        [
          "cry",
          "cry"
        ],
        [
          "moan",
          "moan"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "karmōn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "karmijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "cirman",
            "3": "cerman",
            "4": "cierman",
            "5": "cyrman"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: cirman, cerman, cierman, cyrman",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: cirman, cerman, cierman, cyrman"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "chirmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: chirmen\nEnglish: chirm\nScots: chirm, churm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*kermian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *kermian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *kermian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: kermen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kermen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn"
          },
          "expansion": "(likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: kermen (likely conflated with the descendant of *karmōn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kermen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kermen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kermen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*karm",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "cry, moan"
      },
      "expansion": "*karm (“cry, moan”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "gairm"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish gairm",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *karm (“cry, moan”) + *-jan, probably ultimately from the same source as *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”), see also Irish gairm.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karmid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*karmijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karmijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "karmōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Sadness",
        "gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cry, moan"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cry",
          "cry"
        ],
        [
          "moan",
          "moan"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "karmijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.