See kalk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kalk meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċealc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċealc, cealk\nMiddle English: chalk, calke, chalke, schalk, schalke\nEnglish: chalk (see there for further descendants); cauk, cawk\nScots: cauk, cawk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċealc, cealk\nMiddle English: chalk, calke, chalke, schalk, schalke\nEnglish: chalk (see there for further descendants); cauk, cawk\nScots: cauk, cawk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Halligen: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Kualk",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Kualk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sylt: Kualk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Koolk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Koolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Koolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kalk, calc\nMiddle Low German: kalk, kallik\nLow German: Kalk\nPlautdietsch: Kaulkj\n→ Latvian: kaļķis\n→ Scandinavian:\nIcelandic: kalk\nFaroese: kálk\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalk\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalk\n→ Lule Sami: kálkka (or from Swedish)\n→ Southern Sami: kaalhke (or from Swedish)\nOld Danish: kalk\nDanish: kalk\nOld Swedish: kalker\nSwedish: kalk\n→ Finnish: kalkki\n→ Inari Sami: kalkkâ\n→ Skolt Sami: kalkk\n→ Northern Sami: kálka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kalk, calc\nMiddle Low German: kalk, kallik\nLow German: Kalk\nPlautdietsch: Kaulkj\n→ Latvian: kaļķis\n→ Scandinavian:\nIcelandic: kalk\nFaroese: kálk\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalk\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalk\n→ Lule Sami: kálkka (or from Swedish)\n→ Southern Sami: kaalhke (or from Swedish)\nOld Danish: kalk\nDanish: kalk\nOld Swedish: kalker\nSwedish: kalk\n→ Finnish: kalkki\n→ Inari Sami: kalkkâ\n→ Skolt Sami: kalkk\n→ Northern Sami: kálka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kalk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "calc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: calc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kalk\nAfrikaans: kalk\nNegerhollands: kalk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: kalk (dated)\n→ Indonesian: kalk\n→ Japanese: カルキ (karuki)\n→ Papiamentu: karkó, kalki\n→ Sranan Tongo: karki",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kalk\nAfrikaans: kalk\nNegerhollands: kalk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: kalk (dated)\n→ Indonesian: kalk\n→ Japanese: カルキ (karuki)\n→ Papiamentu: karkó, kalki\n→ Sranan Tongo: karki"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kalk, calc, calch, calck, chalc, chalch, chalh, kalck\nMiddle High German: kalc\nAlemannic German: Chalch\nBavarian: Koich\nCimbrian: khalch\nHianzisch: Koli\nTyrol Bavarian: Kchoich\nCentral Franconian: Kallek, Kallik\nHunsrik: Kallik\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kallich\nSilesian: Koilk\nVilamovian: kiöelk\nEast Franconian: Kallich, Kollich\nGerman: Kalk\nLuxembourgish: Kallek\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Kalch, Kalsch\nPalatine German: Kalk, Kalik\nPennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk\nYiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kalk, calc, calch, calck, chalc, chalch, chalh, kalck\nMiddle High German: kalc\nAlemannic German: Chalch\nBavarian: Koich\nCimbrian: khalch\nHianzisch: Koli\nTyrol Bavarian: Kchoich\nCentral Franconian: Kallek, Kallik\nHunsrik: Kallik\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kallich\nSilesian: Koilk\nVilamovian: kiöelk\nEast Franconian: Kallich, Kollich\nGerman: Kalk\nLuxembourgish: Kallek\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Kalch, Kalsch\nPalatine German: Kalk, Kalik\nPennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk\nYiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcem"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcem",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin calcem, accusative of calx (“lime”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kalk m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kalk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kalkijan"
},
{
"word": "kalkōn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lime, limestone"
],
"id": "en-kalk-gmw-pro-noun-q8fz0IvG",
"links": [
[
"lime",
"lime"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford University Press"
]
}
],
"word": "kalk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kalkijan"
},
{
"word": "kalkōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċealc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċealc, cealk\nMiddle English: chalk, calke, chalke, schalk, schalke\nEnglish: chalk (see there for further descendants); cauk, cawk\nScots: cauk, cawk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċealc, cealk\nMiddle English: chalk, calke, chalke, schalk, schalke\nEnglish: chalk (see there for further descendants); cauk, cawk\nScots: cauk, cawk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Halligen: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Kualk",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Kualk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sylt: Kualk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Koolk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Koolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Koolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kalk, calc\nMiddle Low German: kalk, kallik\nLow German: Kalk\nPlautdietsch: Kaulkj\n→ Latvian: kaļķis\n→ Scandinavian:\nIcelandic: kalk\nFaroese: kálk\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalk\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalk\n→ Lule Sami: kálkka (or from Swedish)\n→ Southern Sami: kaalhke (or from Swedish)\nOld Danish: kalk\nDanish: kalk\nOld Swedish: kalker\nSwedish: kalk\n→ Finnish: kalkki\n→ Inari Sami: kalkkâ\n→ Skolt Sami: kalkk\n→ Northern Sami: kálka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kalk, calc\nMiddle Low German: kalk, kallik\nLow German: Kalk\nPlautdietsch: Kaulkj\n→ Latvian: kaļķis\n→ Scandinavian:\nIcelandic: kalk\nFaroese: kálk\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kalk\nNorwegian Bokmål: kalk\n→ Lule Sami: kálkka (or from Swedish)\n→ Southern Sami: kaalhke (or from Swedish)\nOld Danish: kalk\nDanish: kalk\nOld Swedish: kalker\nSwedish: kalk\n→ Finnish: kalkki\n→ Inari Sami: kalkkâ\n→ Skolt Sami: kalkk\n→ Northern Sami: kálka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kalk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "calc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: calc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kalk\nAfrikaans: kalk\nNegerhollands: kalk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: kalk (dated)\n→ Indonesian: kalk\n→ Japanese: カルキ (karuki)\n→ Papiamentu: karkó, kalki\n→ Sranan Tongo: karki",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kalk\nAfrikaans: kalk\nNegerhollands: kalk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: kalk (dated)\n→ Indonesian: kalk\n→ Japanese: カルキ (karuki)\n→ Papiamentu: karkó, kalki\n→ Sranan Tongo: karki"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kalk"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kalk, calc, calch, calck, chalc, chalch, chalh, kalck\nMiddle High German: kalc\nAlemannic German: Chalch\nBavarian: Koich\nCimbrian: khalch\nHianzisch: Koli\nTyrol Bavarian: Kchoich\nCentral Franconian: Kallek, Kallik\nHunsrik: Kallik\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kallich\nSilesian: Koilk\nVilamovian: kiöelk\nEast Franconian: Kallich, Kollich\nGerman: Kalk\nLuxembourgish: Kallek\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Kalch, Kalsch\nPalatine German: Kalk, Kalik\nPennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk\nYiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kalk, calc, calch, calck, chalc, chalch, chalh, kalck\nMiddle High German: kalc\nAlemannic German: Chalch\nBavarian: Koich\nCimbrian: khalch\nHianzisch: Koli\nTyrol Bavarian: Kchoich\nCentral Franconian: Kallek, Kallik\nHunsrik: Kallik\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kallich\nSilesian: Koilk\nVilamovian: kiöelk\nEast Franconian: Kallich, Kollich\nGerman: Kalk\nLuxembourgish: Kallek\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Kalch, Kalsch\nPalatine German: Kalk, Kalik\nPennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk\nYiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcem"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcem",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin calcem, accusative of calx (“lime”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kalk m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kalk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"gmw-pro:Rocks"
],
"glosses": [
"lime, limestone"
],
"links": [
[
"lime",
"lime"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford University Press"
]
}
],
"word": "kalk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.