"hrōpijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See hrōpijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *hrōpijaną. Equivalent to *hrōp (“a call, cry”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*hrōpijaną}} Proto-Germanic *hrōpijaną, {{suffix|gmw-pro|*hrōp|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=a call, cry}} *hrōp (“a call, cry”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *hrōpijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hrōpijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], hrōpijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], hrōpijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], hrōpijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], hrōpiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hrōpidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hrōpisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hrōpidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hrōpidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hrōpiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hrōpidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hrōpidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hrōpijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hrōpidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hrōpiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hrōpidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hrōpijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hrōpidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hrōpijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hrōpidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hrōpijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hrōpidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hrōpijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hrōpidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hrōpijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hrōpidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hrōpijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hrōpidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hrōpijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hrōpidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hrōpi [class-1, present, singular, weak], hrōpiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], hrōpijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], hrōpid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. To call; cry Tags: reconstruction Related terms: hrōpan
    Sense id: en-hrōpijan-gmw-pro-verb-HZVn~VKC Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)

Download JSON data for hrōpijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hrēpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hrēpan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hrēpan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*hrōpian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *hrōpian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *hrōpian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*gihrōpian",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "gihrōpidi",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: gihrōpidi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: gihrōpidi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*hruofen",
            "3": "ruofen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *hruofen, ruofen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *hruofen, ruofen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "rüefen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: rüefen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: rüefen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrōpijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hrōp",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "a call, cry"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrōp (“a call, cry”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrōpijaną. Equivalent to *hrōp (“a call, cry”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrōpijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To call; cry"
      ],
      "id": "en-hrōpijan-gmw-pro-verb-HZVn~VKC",
      "links": [
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ],
        [
          "cry",
          "cry"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "hrōpan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hrōpijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hrēpan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hrēpan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hrēpan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*hrōpian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *hrōpian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *hrōpian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*gihrōpian",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "gihrōpidi",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: gihrōpidi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: gihrōpidi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*hruofen",
            "3": "ruofen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *hruofen, ruofen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *hruofen, ruofen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "rüefen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: rüefen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: rüefen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrōpijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hrōp",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "a call, cry"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrōp (“a call, cry”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrōpijaną. Equivalent to *hrōp (“a call, cry”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōpid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrōpijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hrōpan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To call; cry"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ],
        [
          "cry",
          "cry"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hrōpijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.