See hrōpan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hrōpan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hrōpan\nMiddle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hrōpan\nMiddle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrōpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hrōpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hrōpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ropa"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: ropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: ropa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "roupe"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: roupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: roupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roppe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: roppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: roppe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hrōpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hrōpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rôpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rôpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rôpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ropen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: ropen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: ropen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ruopan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ruopan\nMiddle Dutch: roepen\nDutch: roepen (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: rope",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ruopan\nMiddle Dutch: roepen\nDutch: roepen (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: rope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruofan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ruofan, hruofan\nMiddle High German: ruofen\nBavarian: ruafn\nCentral Franconian: rofe\nGerman: rufen\nLuxembourgish: ruffen\nYiddish: רופֿן (rufn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ruofan, hruofan\nMiddle High German: ruofen\nBavarian: ruafn\nCentral Franconian: rofe\nGerman: rufen\nLuxembourgish: ruffen\nYiddish: רופֿן (rufn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hrōpan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry out, call, shout"
],
"id": "en-hrōpan-gmw-pro-verb-3W714Tsm",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hrōp"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hrōpan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hrōpan\nMiddle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hrōpan\nMiddle English: ropen, rope, roupe, rupe\nEnglish: roop, roup\nScots: roup; croup\n→ English: croup\n→ Dutch: kroep\n→ French: croup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrōpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hrōpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hrōpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ropa"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: ropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: ropa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "roupe"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: roupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: roupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roppe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: roppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: roppe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hrōpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hrōpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rôpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rôpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rôpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ropen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: ropen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: ropen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ruopan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ruopan\nMiddle Dutch: roepen\nDutch: roepen (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: rope",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ruopan\nMiddle Dutch: roepen\nDutch: roepen (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: rope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruofan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ruofan, hruofan\nMiddle High German: ruofen\nBavarian: ruafn\nCentral Franconian: rofe\nGerman: rufen\nLuxembourgish: ruffen\nYiddish: רופֿן (rufn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ruofan, hruofan\nMiddle High German: ruofen\nBavarian: ruafn\nCentral Franconian: rofe\nGerman: rufen\nLuxembourgish: ruffen\nYiddish: רופֿן (rufn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreōpīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hrōpan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hrōpan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hrōp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 7e strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry out, call, shout"
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hrōpan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.