"hlūdijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See hlūdijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{affix|gmw-pro|*hlūd|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=loud}} *hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *hlūdijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hlūdijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], hlūdijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], hlūdijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], hlūdijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], hlūdiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hlūdidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hlūdisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hlūdidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hlūdidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hlūdiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hlūdidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hlūdidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hlūdijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hlūdidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hlūdiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hlūdidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hlūdijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hlūdidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hlūdijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hlūdidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hlūdijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hlūdidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hlūdijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hlūdidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hlūdijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hlūdidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hlūdijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hlūdidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hlūdijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hlūdidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hlūdi [class-1, present, singular, weak], hlūdiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], hlūdijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], hlūdid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to make a loud noise Tags: reconstruction Related terms: hlūdēn
    Sense id: en-hlūdijan-gmw-pro-verb-BB995q4q Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "hlȳdan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "lang_code": "fy",
          "word": "liede"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "hlēda"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "lūden"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "lǖden"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "*hlūdian"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "luiden"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "luden"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "lūden"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "lüüte"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "läuten"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "galòit"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Geläut"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "geliute"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "liuten"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "lüüte"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "läuten"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "galòit"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Geläut"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "geliute"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "lūten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "lūten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hlūd",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "loud"
      },
      "expansion": "*hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hlūdijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūdijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make a loud noise"
      ],
      "id": "en-hlūdijan-gmw-pro-verb-BB995q4q",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "loud",
          "loud"
        ],
        [
          "noise",
          "noise"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "hlūdēn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hlūdijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "hlȳdan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "lang_code": "fy",
          "word": "liede"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "hlēda"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "lūden"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "lǖden"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "*hlūdian"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "luiden"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "luden"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "lūden"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "lüüte"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "läuten"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "galòit"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Geläut"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "geliute"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "liuten"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "lüüte"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "läuten"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "galòit"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Geläut"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "geliute"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "lūten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "lūten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hlūd",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "loud"
      },
      "expansion": "*hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlūdid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hlūdijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūdijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hlūdēn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Sound"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make a loud noise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "loud",
          "loud"
        ],
        [
          "noise",
          "noise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hlūdijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hlūdijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.