See himil in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for himil meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "*himilittjan",
"word": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *himiliti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "himul"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: himul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: himul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Heemel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Heemel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Heemel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "himel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: himel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: himel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sōwul"
},
"expansion": "*sōwul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sunnā",
"t": "sun"
},
"expansion": "*sunnā (“sun”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hemnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hemnaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hebnaz"
},
"expansion": "*hebnaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hebun"
},
"expansion": "*hebun",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly:\n* from Proto-Germanic *himinaz with nasal dissimilation, perhaps under the influence of *sōwul ~ *sunnā (“sun”),\n* from an older heteroclitic l/n-stem alongside Proto-Germanic *himinaz,\n* cognate with Proto-Germanic *himinaz derived from a separate suffix.\nAssuming a nasal dissimilation of Proto-Germanic *hemnaz to *hebnaz, doublet with *hebun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*himil m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/himil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"id": "en-himil-gmw-pro-noun-BfUU-ufK",
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
},
{
"word": "*luftu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heaven"
],
"id": "en-himil-gmw-pro-noun-gY7-RqbC",
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "himil"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*himilittjan",
"word": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *himiliti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "himul"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: himul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: himul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Heemel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Heemel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Heemel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "himel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: himel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: himel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sōwul"
},
"expansion": "*sōwul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sunnā",
"t": "sun"
},
"expansion": "*sunnā (“sun”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hemnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hemnaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hebnaz"
},
"expansion": "*hebnaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hebun"
},
"expansion": "*hebun",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly:\n* from Proto-Germanic *himinaz with nasal dissimilation, perhaps under the influence of *sōwul ~ *sunnā (“sun”),\n* from an older heteroclitic l/n-stem alongside Proto-Germanic *himinaz,\n* cognate with Proto-Germanic *himinaz derived from a separate suffix.\nAssuming a nasal dissimilation of Proto-Germanic *hemnaz to *hebnaz, doublet with *hebun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*himil m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/himil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Atmosphere"
],
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
},
{
"word": "*luftu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Afterlife"
],
"glosses": [
"heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "himil"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.