See himil in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "*himilittjan",
"word": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *himiliti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "himel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: himel, himul\nSaterland Frisian: Heemel\nWest Frisian: himel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: himel, himul\nSaterland Frisian: Heemel\nWest Frisian: himel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel, hemel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl (Luserna)\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel, hemel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl (Luserna)\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hemnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hemnaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly:\n* from Proto-Germanic *himinaz with nasal dissimilation, perhaps under the influence of *sōwul ~ *sunnā (“sun”),\n* from an older heteroclitic l/n-stem alongside Proto-Germanic *himinaz,\n* cognate with Proto-Germanic *himinaz derived from a separate suffix.\nAssuming a nasal dissimilation of Proto-Germanic *hemnaz to *hebnaz, doublet with *hebun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*himil m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/himil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"id": "en-himil-gmw-pro-noun-BfUU-ufK",
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
},
{
"word": "*luftu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heaven"
],
"id": "en-himil-gmw-pro-noun-gY7-RqbC",
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "himil"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*himilittjan",
"word": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *himiliti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "himel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: himel, himul\nSaterland Frisian: Heemel\nWest Frisian: himel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: himel, himul\nSaterland Frisian: Heemel\nWest Frisian: himel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: himil\nMiddle Low German: hemmel, hēmel\nGerman Low German:\nOstfriesisch (East Frisian Low Saxon): Hemel, Himmel\nWestphalian:\nDortmundisch: Hiəmel\nLippisch, Ravensbergisch, Westmünsterländisch: Hemmel\nSauerländisch: Hiemel, Heämel (Wenden)\nWestmünsterländisch: Himmel\nPlautdietsch: Himmel\n→ Norwegian: himmel\n→ Old Swedish: himil\nSwedish: himmel\n→ Finnish: himmeli\n→ Old Danish: *himæl\nDanish: himmel\n→ Gutnish: himmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: himil\nMiddle Dutch: hēmel\nDutch: hemel\nAfrikaans: hemel\nLimburgish: hieëmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "himil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel, hemel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl (Luserna)\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: himil\nMiddle High German: himel, hemel\nSwabian: Hemmel, Hemml, Himml\nBavarian: Himmi, Himml\nCimbrian: hümmel, hümbl (Luserna)\nCentral Franconian: Himmel, Hemmel\nHunsrik: Himmel\nLuxembourgish: Himmel\nTransylvanian Saxon: Hemmel\nGerman: Himmel\nRhine Franconian: Himmel\nPennsylvania German: Himmel\nYiddish: הימל (himl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hemnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hemnaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly:\n* from Proto-Germanic *himinaz with nasal dissimilation, perhaps under the influence of *sōwul ~ *sunnā (“sun”),\n* from an older heteroclitic l/n-stem alongside Proto-Germanic *himinaz,\n* cognate with Proto-Germanic *himinaz derived from a separate suffix.\nAssuming a nasal dissimilation of Proto-Germanic *hemnaz to *hebnaz, doublet with *hebun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "himilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "himilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*himil m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/himil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Atmosphere"
],
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
},
{
"word": "*luftu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Afterlife"
],
"glosses": [
"heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hebun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "himil"
}
Download raw JSONL data for himil meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.