See gnagan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gnagan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen",
"3": "gnawen",
"4": "knawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "English: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *gnaga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *gnaga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gnaue"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue; gnauje; gnauelje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gnauwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: gnauwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: gnauwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "knagan",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gnāgen",
"3": "knāgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gnagen",
"3": "gnauen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "gnoagen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cnagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cnagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cnagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen",
"3": "knauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen"
},
"expansion": "(possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen (possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "knagan",
"4": "nagan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: nagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: nagen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gnagan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnagan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gnaw"
],
"id": "en-gnagan-gmw-pro-verb-wm-3kc8Y",
"links": [
[
"gnaw",
"gnaw"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "knagan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gnagan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen",
"3": "gnawen",
"4": "knawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "English: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *gnaga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *gnaga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gnaue"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue; gnauje; gnauelje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gnauwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: gnauwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: gnauwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "knagan",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gnāgen",
"3": "knāgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gnagen",
"3": "gnauen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "gnoagen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cnagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cnagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cnagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen",
"3": "knauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen"
},
"expansion": "(possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen (possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "knagan",
"4": "nagan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: nagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: nagen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gnagan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnagan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 6 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to gnaw"
],
"links": [
[
"gnaw",
"gnaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "knagan"
}
],
"word": "gnagan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.